1 (return)
[ {'Erodotou 'Alikarnesseos
istories apodexis ede, os k.t.l.} The meaning of the word {istorie} passes
gradually from "research" or "inquiry" to "narrative," "history"; cp. vii.
96. Aristotle in quoting these words writes {Thouriou} for
{'Alikarnesseos} ("Herodotus of Thurii"), and we know from Plutarch that
this reading existed in his time as a variation.]
2 (return)
[ Probably {erga} may here
mean enduring monuments like the pyramids and the works at Samos, cp. i.
93, ii. 35, etc.; in that case {ta te alla} refers back to {ta genomena},
though the verb {epolemesan} derives its subject from the mention of
Hellenes and Barbarians in the preceding clause.]
3 (return)
[ Many Editors have "with the
Phenicians," on the authority of some inferior MSS. and of the Aldine
edition.]
4 (return)
[ {arpages}.]
401 (return)
[ "thus or in some other
particular way."]
5 (return)
[ {Surion}, see ch. 72.
Herodotus perhaps meant to distinguish {Surioi} from {Suroi}, and to use
the first name for the Cappadokians and the second for the people of
Palestine, cp. ii. 104; but they are naturally confused in the MSS.]
6 (return)
[ {ex epidromes arpage}.]
7 (return)
[ {tes anoigomenes thures},
"the door that is opened."]
8 (return)
[ Or "because she was
ashamed."]
9 (return)
[ {phoitan}.]
10 (return)
[ {upeisdus}: Stein adopts
the conjecture {upekdus}, "slipping out of his hiding-place."]
11 (return)
[ This last sentence is by
many regarded as an interpolation. The line referred to is {Ou moi ta
Gugeo tou polukhrosou melei}.]
12 (return)
[ See v. 92.]
13 (return)
[ i.e. like other kings of
Lydia who came after him.]
14 (return)
[ {Kolophonos to astu}, as
opposed apparently to the acropolis, cp. viii. 51.]
15 (return)
[ See ch. 73.]
16 (return)
[ {o kai esballon tenikauta
es ten Milesien ten stratien}: an allusion apparently to the invasions of
the Milesian land at harvest time, which are described above. All the
operations mentioned in the last chapter have been loosely described to
Alyattes, and a correction is here added to inform the reader that they
belong equally to his father. It will hardly mend matters much if we take
{o Audos} in ch. 17 to include both father and son.]
17 (return)
[ {didaxanta}.]
18 (return)
[ This name is applied by
Herodotus to the southern part of the peninsula only.]
19 (return)
[ Tarentum.]
20 (return)
[ {en toisi edolioisi}:
properly "benches," but probably here the raised deck at the stern.]
21 (return)
[ {ou mega}: many of the
MSS. have {mega}.]
22 (return)
[ {stadioi}: furlongs of
about 606 English feet.]
23 (return)
[ {to epilogo}.]
24 (return)
[ This list of nations is
by some suspected as an interpolation; see Stein's note on the passage.]
25 (return)
[ {sophistai}: cp. ii. 49,
and iv. 95.]
26 (return)
[ {etheto}.]
27 (return)
[ {olbiotaton}.]
28 (return)
[ {stadious}.]
29 (return)
[ {romen}: many of the MSS.
have {gnomen}, "good disposition."]
30 (return)
[ i.e. their mother: but
some understand it to mean the goddess.]
31 (return)
[ {en telei touto
eskhonto}.]
32 (return)
[ {anolbioi}.]
33 (return)
[ {eutukhees}.]
34 (return)
[ {aperos}: the MSS. have
{apeiros}.]
35 (return)
[ {aikhme sideree
blethenta}.]
36 (return)
[ "in the house of
Croesus."]
37 (return)
[ {'Epistion}.]
38 (return)
[ {'Etaireion}.]
39 (return)
[ {suggrapsamenous}, i.e.
have it written down by the {propsetes} (see vii. 111 and viii. 37), who
interpreted and put into regular verse the inspired utterances of the
prophetess {promantis}.]
40 (return)
[ {es to megaron}.]
41 (return)
[ {oida d' ego}: oracles
often have a word of connection such as {de} or {alla} at the beginning
(cp. ch. 55, 174, etc.), which may indicate that they are part of a larger
connected utterance.]
42 (return)
[ Cp. vii. 178 and ix. 91
("I accept the omen.")]
43 (return)
[ See viii. 134.]
44 (return)
[ {kai touton}, i.e.
Amphiaraos: many Editors retain the readings of the Aldine edition, {kai
touto}, "that in this too he had found a true Oracle."]
45 (return)
[ {emiplinthia}, the plinth
being supposed to be square.]
46 (return)
[ {exapalaiota}, the palm
being about three inches, cp. ii. 149.]
47 (return)
[ {apephthou khrusou},
"refined gold."]
48 (return)
[ {triton emitalanton}: the
MSS. have {tria emitalanta}, which has been corrected partly on the
authority of Valla's translation.]
49 (return)
[ "white gold."]
50 (return)
[ Arranged evidently in
stages, of which the highest consisted of the 4 half-plinths of pure gold,
the second of 15 half-plinths, the third of 35, the fourth of 63, making
117 in all: see Stein's note.]
51 (return)
[ {elkon stathmon einaton
emitalanton kai eti duodeka mneas}. The {mnea} (mina) is 15.2 oz., and 60
of them go to a talent.]
52 (return)
[ {epi tou proneiou tes
gonies}, cp. viii. 122: the use of {epi} seems to suggest some kind of
raised corner-stone upon which the offerings stood.]
53 (return)
[ The {amphoreus} is about
9 gallons.]
54 (return)
[ Cp. iii. 41.]
55 (return)
[ {perirranteria}.]
56 (return)
[ {kheumata}, which some
translate "jugs" or "bowls."]
57 (return)
[ {umin}, as if both
Oracles were being addressed together.]
58 (return)
[ i.e. Delphi.]
59 (return)
[ {enephoreeto}, "he filled
himself with it."]
60 (return)
[ {Krestona}: Niebuhr would
read {Krotona} (Croton or Cortona in Etruria), partly on the authority of
Dionysius: see Stein's note. Two of the best MSS. are defective in this
part of the book.]
61 (return)
[ See ii. 51 and vi. 137.]
62 (return)
[ {auxetai es plethos ton
ethneon pollon}: "has increased to a multitude of its races, which are
many." Stein and Abicht both venture to adopt the conjecture {Pelasgon}
for {pollon}, "Pelasgians especially being added to them, and also many
other Barbarian nations."]
6201 (return)
[ {pros de on emoige
dokeei}: the MSS. have {emoi te}. Some Editors read {os de on} (Stein
{prosthe de on}) for {pros de on}. This whole passage is probably in some
way corrupt, but it can hardly be successfully emended.]
63 (return)
[ i.e. as it is of the
Hellenic race before it parted from the Pelasgian and ceased to be
Barbarian.]
64 (return)
[ {katekhomenon te kai
diespasmenon... upo Peisistratou}. Peisistratos was in part at least the
cause of the divisions.]
65 (return)
[ {paralon}.]
66 (return)
[ {uperakrion}.]
67 (return)
[ {toutous}: some read by
conjecture {triekosious}, "three hundred," the number which he actually
had according to Polyænus, i. 21.]
68 (return)
[ {doruphoroi}, the usual
word for a body-guard.]
69 (return)
[ {perielaunomenos de te
stasi}: Stein says "harassed by attacks of his own party," but the passage
to which he refers in ch. 61, {katallasseto ten ekhthren toisi
stasiotesi}, may be referred to in the quarrel made with his party by
Megacles when he joined Peisistratos.]
70 (return)
[ More literally, "since
from ancient time the Hellenic race had been marked off from the
Barbarians as being more skilful and more freed from foolish simplicity,
(and) since at that time among the Athenians, who are accounted the first
of the Hellenes in ability, these men devised a trick as follows."]
71 (return)
[ The cubit is reckoned as
24 finger-breadths, i.e. about 18 inches.]
72 (return)
[ So Rawlinson.]
73 (return)
[ See v. 70.]
74 (return)
[ {dia endekatou eteos}.
Not quite the same as {dia evdeka eteon} ("after an interval of eleven
years"); rather "in the eleventh year" (i.e. "after an interval of ten
years").]
75 (return)
[ {thein pompe
khreomenos}.]
76 (return)
[ For {'Akarnan} it has
been suggested to read {'Akharneus}, because this man is referred to as an
Athenian by various writers. However Acarnanians were celebrated for
prophetic power, and he might be called an Athenian as resident with
Peisistratos at Athens.]
77 (return)
[ Or "for that part of the
land from which the temple could be seen," but cp. Thuc. iii. 104. In
either case the meaning is the same.]
7701 (return)
[ {enomotias kai
triekadas kai sussitia}. The {enomotia} was the primary division of the
Spartan army: of the {triekas} nothing is known for certain.]
78 (return)
[ {kibdelo}, properly
"counterfeit": cp. ch. 75.]
79 (return)
[ {skhoino
diametresamenoi}: whether actually, for the purpose of distributing the
work among them, or because the rope which fastened them together lay on
the ground like a measuring-tape, is left uncertain.]
80 (return)
[ Cp. ix. 70.]
81 (return)
[ {epitarrothos}. Elsewhere
(that is in Homer) the word always means "helper," and Stein translates it
so here, "thou shalt be protector and patron of Tegea" (in the place of
Orestes). Mr. Woods explains it by the parallel of such phrases as
{Danaoisi makhes epitarrothoi}, to mean "thou shalt be a helper (of the
Lacedemonians) in the matter of Tegea," but this perhaps would be a form
of address too personal to the envoy, who is usually addressed in the
second person, but only as representative of those who sent him. The
conjectural reading {epitarrothon exeis}, "thou shalt have him as a helper
against Tegea," is tempting.]
82 (return)
[ {agathoergon}.]
83 (return)
[ This was to enable him
the better to gain his ends at Tegea.]
84 (return)
[ Cp. ch. 51, note.]
85 (return)
[ See ch. 6.]
86 (return)
[ {euzono andri}: cp. ch.
104 and ii. 34. The word {euzonos} is used of light-armed troops;
Hesychius says, {euzonos, me ekhon phortion}.]
87 (return)
[ {orgen ouk akros}: this
is the reading of all the best MSS., and it is sufficiently supported by
the parallel of v. 124, {psukhen ouk akros}. Most Editors however have
adopted the reading {orgen akros}, as equivalent to {akrakholos},
"quick-tempered."]
88 (return)
[ It has been suggested by
some that this clause is not genuine. It should not, however, be taken to
refer to the battle which was interrupted by the eclipse, for (1) that did
not occur in the period here spoken of; (2) the next clause is introduced
by {de} (which can hardly here stand for {gar}); (3) when the eclipse
occurred the fighting ceased, therefore it was no more a {nuktomakhin}
than any other battle which is interrupted by darkness coming on.]
89 (return)
[ See ch. 188. Nabunita
was his true name.]
90 (return)
[ See ch. 107 ff.]
91 (return)
[ Not "somewhere near the
city of Sinope," for it must have been at a considerable distance and
probably far inland. Sinope itself is at least fifty miles to the west of
the Halys. I take it to mean that Pteria was nearly due south of Sinope,
i.e. that the nearest road from Pteria to the sea led to Sinope. Pteria no
doubt was the name of a region as well as of a city.]
92 (return)
[ {anastatous epoiese}.]
93 (return)
[ This is the son of the
man mentioned in ch. 74.]
94 (return)
[ {us en autou xeinikos}.
Stein translates "so much of it as was mercenary," but it may be doubted
if this is possible. Mr. Woods, "which army of his was a foreign one."]
95 (return)
[ {Metros Dindumenes}, i.e.
Kybele: the mountain is Dindymos in Phrygia.]
96 (return)
[ i.e. the whole strip of
territory to the West of the peninsula of Argolis, which includes Thyrea
and extends southwards to Malea: "westwards as far as Malea" would be
absurd.]
97 (return)
[ {outos}: a conjectural
emendation of {autos}.]
98 (return)
[ {autos}: some MSS. read
{o autos}, "this same man."]
99 (return)
[ {aneneikamenon}, nearly
equivalent to {anastemaxanta} (cp. Hom. Il. xix. 314), {mnesamenos d'
adinos aneneikato phonesen te}. Some translate it here, "he recovered
himself," cp. ch. 116, {aneneikhtheis}.]
100 (return)
[ {ubristai}.]
101 (return)
[ {proesousi}: a
conjectural emendation of {poiesousi}, adopted in most of the modern
editions.]
102 (return)
[ {touto oneidisai}: or
{touton oneidisai}, "to reproach the god with these things." The best MSS.
have {touto}.]
103 (return)
[ {to kai... eipe ta eipe
Loxias k.t.l.}: various emendations have been proposed. If any one is to
be adopted, the boldest would perhaps be the best, {to de kai... eipe
Loxias}.]
104 (return)
[ {oia te kai alle
khore}, "such as other lands have."]
105 (return)
[ {stadioi ex kai duo
plethra}.]
106 (return)
[ {plethra tria kai
deka}.]
107 (return)
[ {Gugaie}.]
108 (return)
[ Or "Tyrrhenia."]
109 (return)
[ Or "Umbrians."]
110 (return)
[ {tes ano 'Asies}, i.e.
the parts which are removed from the Mediterranean.]