Apache::TestUtil



Apache::TestUtil

NAME
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO

NAME

Apache::TestUtil − Utility functions for writing tests

SYNOPSIS

  use Apache::Test;
  use Apache::TestUtil;
  ok t_cmp("foo", "foo", "sanity check");
  t_write_file("filename", @content);
  my $fh = t_open_file($filename);
  t_mkdir("/foo/bar");
  t_rmtree("/foo/bar");
  t_is_equal($a, $b);

DESCRIPTION

"Apache::TestUtil" automatically exports a number of functions useful in writing tests.

All the files and directories created using the functions from this package will be automatically destroyed at the end of the program execution (via END block). You should not use these functions other than from within tests which should cleanup all the created directories and files at the end of the test.

FUNCTIONS

t_cmp()

  t_cmp($received, $expected, $comment);

t_cmp() prints the values of $comment, $expected and $received. e.g.:

  t_cmp(1, 1, "1 == 1?");

prints:

  # testing : 1 == 1?
  # expected: 1
  # received: 1

then it returns the result of comparison of the $expected and the $received variables. Usually, the return value of this function is fed directly to the ok() function, like this:

  ok t_cmp(1, 1, "1 == 1?");

the third argument ($comment) is optional, mostly useful for telling what the comparison is trying to do.

It is valid to use "undef" as an expected value. Therefore:

  my $foo;
  t_cmp(undef, $foo, "undef == undef?");

will return a true value.

You can compare any two data-structures with t_cmp(). Just make sure that if you pass non-scalars, you have to pass their references. The datastructures can be deeply nested. For example you can compare:

  t_cmp({1 => [2..3,{5..8}], 4 => [5..6]},
        {1 => [2..3,{5..8}], 4 => [5..6]},
        "hash of array of hashes");

You can also compare the second argument against the first as a regex. Use the "qr//" function in the second argument. For example:

  t_cmp("abcd", qr/^abc/, "regex compare");

will do:

  "abcd" =~ /^abc/;

This function is exported by default.

t_filepath_cmp()

This function is used to compare two filepaths via t_cmp(). For non−Win32, it simply uses t_cmp() for the comparison, but for Win32, Win32::GetLongPathName() is invoked to convert the first two arguments to their DOS long pathname. This is useful when there is a possibility the two paths being compared are not both represented by their long or short pathname.

This function is exported by default.

t_debug()

  t_debug("testing feature foo");
  t_debug("test", [1..3], 5, {a=>[1..5]});

t_debug() prints out any datastructure while prepending "#" at the beginning of each line, to make the debug printouts comply with "Test::Harness"’s requirements. This function should be always used for debug prints, since if in the future the debug printing will change (e.g. redirected into a file) your tests won’t need to be changed.

the special global variable $Apache::TestUtil::DEBUG_OUTPUT can be used to redirect the output from t_debug() and related calls such as t_write_file(). for example, from a server-side test you would probably need to redirect it to STDERR:

  sub handler {
    plan $r, tests => 1;
    local $Apache::TestUtil::DEBUG_OUTPUT = \*STDERR;
    t_write_file('/tmp/foo', 'bar');
    ...
  }

left to its own devices, t_debug() will collide with the standard HTTP protocol during server-side tests, resulting in a situation both confusing difficult to debug. but STDOUT is left as the default, since you probably don’t want debug output under normal circumstances unless running under verbose mode.

This function is exported by default.

t_write_test_lib()

  t_write_test_lib($filename, @lines)

t_write_test_lib() creates a new file at $filename or overwrites the existing file with the content passed in @lines. The file is created in a temporary directory which is added to @INC at test configuration time. It is intended to be used for creating temporary packages for testing which can be modified at run time, see the Apache::Reload unit tests for an example.

t_write_file()

  t_write_file($filename, @lines);

t_write_file() creates a new file at $filename or overwrites the existing file with the content passed in @lines. If only the $filename is passed, an empty file will be created.

If parent directories of $filename don’t exist they will be automagically created.

The generated file will be automatically deleted at the end of the program’s execution.

This function is exported by default.

t_append_file()

  t_append_file($filename, @lines);

t_append_file() is similar to t_write_file(), but it doesn’t clobber existing files and appends @lines to the end of the file. If the file doesn’t exist it will create it.

If parent directories of $filename don’t exist they will be automagically created.

The generated file will be registered to be automatically deleted at the end of the program’s execution, only if the file was created by t_append_file().

This function is exported by default.

t_write_shell_script()

  Apache::TestUtil::t_write_shell_script($filename, @lines);

Similar to t_write_file() but creates a portable shell/batch script. The created filename is constructed from $filename and an appropriate extension automatically selected according to the platform the code is running under.

It returns the extension of the created file.

t_write_perl_script()

  Apache::TestUtil::t_write_perl_script($filename, @lines);

Similar to t_write_file() but creates a executable Perl script with correctly set shebang line.

t_open_file()

  my $fh = t_open_file($filename);

t_open_file() opens a file $filename for writing and returns the file handle to the opened file.

If parent directories of $filename don’t exist they will be automagically created.

The generated file will be automatically deleted at the end of the program’s execution.

This function is exported by default.

t_mkdir()

  t_mkdir($dirname);

t_mkdir() creates a directory $dirname. The operation will fail if the parent directory doesn’t exist.

If parent directories of $dirname don’t exist they will be automagically created.

The generated directory will be automatically deleted at the end of the program’s execution.

This function is exported by default.

t_rmtree()

  t_rmtree(@dirs);

t_rmtree() deletes the whole directories trees passed in @dirs.

This function is exported by default.

t_chown()

  Apache::TestUtil::t_chown($file);

Change ownership of $file to the test’s User/Group. This function is noop on platforms where chown(2) is unsupported (e.g. Win32).

t_is_equal()

  t_is_equal($a, $b);

t_is_equal() compares any two datastructures and returns 1 if they are exactly the same, otherwise 0. The datastructures can be nested hashes, arrays, scalars, undefs or a combination of any of these. See t_cmp() for an example.

If $b is a regex reference, the regex comparison "$a =~ $b" is performed. For example:

  t_is_equal($server_version, qr{^Apache});

If comparing non-scalars make sure to pass the references to the datastructures.

This function is exported by default.

t_server_log_error_is_expected()

If the handler’s execution results in an error or a warning logged to the error_log file which is expected, it’s a good idea to have a disclaimer printed before the error itself, so one can tell real problems with tests from expected errors. For example when testing how the package behaves under error conditions the error_log file might be loaded with errors, most of which are expected.

For example if a handler is about to generate a run-time error, this function can be used as:

  use Apache::TestUtil;
  ...
  sub handler {
      my $r = shift;
      ...
      t_server_log_error_is_expected();
      die "failed because ...";
  }

After running this handler the error_log file will include:

  *** The following error entry is expected and harmless ***
  [Tue Apr 01 14:00:21 2003] [error] failed because ...

When more than one entry is expected, an optional numerical argument, indicating how many entries to expect, can be passed. For example:

  t_server_log_error_is_expected(2);

will generate:

  *** The following 2 error entries are expected and harmless ***

If the error is generated at compile time, the logging must be done in the BEGIN block at the very beginning of the file:

  BEGIN {
      use Apache::TestUtil;
      t_server_log_error_is_expected();
  }
  use DOES_NOT_exist;

After attempting to run this handler the error_log file will include:

  *** The following error entry is expected and harmless ***
  [Tue Apr 01 14:04:49 2003] [error] Can't locate "DOES_NOT_exist.pm"
  in @INC (@INC contains: ...

Also see "t_server_log_warn_is_expected()" which is similar but used for warnings.

This function is exported by default.

t_server_log_warn_is_expected()

"t_server_log_warn_is_expected()" generates a disclaimer for expected warnings.

See the explanation for "t_server_log_error_is_expected()" for more details.

This function is exported by default.

t_client_log_error_is_expected()

"t_client_log_error_is_expected()" generates a disclaimer for expected errors. But in contrast to "t_server_log_error_is_expected()" called by the client side of the script.

See the explanation for "t_server_log_error_is_expected()" for more details.

For example the following client script fails to find the handler:

  use Apache::Test;
  use Apache::TestUtil;
  use Apache::TestRequest qw(GET);
  plan tests => 1;
  t_client_log_error_is_expected();
  my $url = "/error_document/cannot_be_found";
  my $res = GET($url);
  ok t_cmp(404, $res−>code, "test 404");

After running this test the error_log file will include an entry similar to the following snippet:

  *** The following error entry is expected and harmless ***
  [Tue Apr 01 14:02:55 2003] [error] [client 127.0.0.1]
  File does not exist: /tmp/test/t/htdocs/error

When more than one entry is expected, an optional numerical argument, indicating how many entries to expect, can be passed. For example:

  t_client_log_error_is_expected(2);

will generate:

  *** The following 2 error entries are expected and harmless ***

This function is exported by default.

t_client_log_warn_is_expected()

"t_client_log_warn_is_expected()" generates a disclaimer for expected warnings on the client side.

See the explanation for "t_client_log_error_is_expected()" for more details.

This function is exported by default.

t_catfile(’a’, ’b’, ’c’)

This function is essentially "File::Spec−>catfile", but on Win32 will use "Win32::GetLongpathName()" to convert the result to a long path name (if the result is an absolute file). The function is not exported by default.

t_catfile_apache(’a’, ’b’, ’c’)

This function is essentially "File::Spec::Unix−>catfile", but on Win32 will use "Win32::GetLongpathName()" to convert the result to a long path name (if the result is an absolute file). It is useful when comparing something to that returned by Apache, which uses a Unix-style specification with forward slashes for directory separators. The function is not exported by default.

t_start_error_log_watch(), t_finish_error_log_watch()

This pair of functions provides an easy interface for checking the presence or absense of any particular message or messages in the httpd error_log that were generated by the httpd daemon as part of a test suite. It is likely, that you should proceed this with a call to one of the t_*_is_expected() functions.

  t_start_error_log_watch();
  do_it;
  ok grep {...} t_finish_error_log_watch();

Another usage case could be a handler that emits some debugging messages to the error_log. Now, if this handler is called in a series of other test cases it can be hard to find the relevant messages manually. In such cases the following sequence in the test file may help:

  t_start_error_log_watch();
  GET '/this/or/that';
  t_debug t_finish_error_log_watch();

t_start_file_watch()

  Apache::TestUtil::t_start_file_watch('access_log');

This function is similar to "t_start_error_log_watch()" but allows for other files than "error_log" to be watched. It opens the given file and positions the file pointer at its end. Subsequent calls to "t_read_file_watch()" or "t_finish_file_watch()" will read lines that have been appended after this call.

A file name can be passed as parameter. If omitted or undefined the "error_log" is opened. Relative file name are evaluated relative to the directory containing "error_log".

If the specified file does not exist (yet) no error is returned. It is assumed that it will appear soon. In this case "t_{read,finish}_file_watch()" will open the file silently and read from the beginning.

t_read_file_watch(), t_finish_file_watch()

  local $/ = "\n";
  $line1=Apache::TestUtil::t_read_file_watch('access_log');
  $line2=Apache::TestUtil::t_read_file_watch('access_log');
  @lines=Apache::TestUtil::t_finish_file_watch('access_log');

This pair of functions reads the file opened by "t_start_error_log_watch()".

As does the core "readline" function, they return one line if called in scalar context, otherwise all lines until end of file.

Before calling "readline" these functions do not set $/ as does "t_finish_error_log_watch". So, if the file has for example a fixed record length use this:

  {
    local $/=\$record_length;
    @lines=t_finish_file_watch($name);
  }

AUTHOR

Stas Bekman <stas@stason.org>, Torsten Foertsch <torsten.foertsch@gmx.net>

SEE ALSO

perl(1)






Opportunity


Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.

Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.





Free Software


Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.


Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.





Free Books


The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.


Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.





Education


Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.


Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.