abcde(1)
NAME
abcde - Grab an entire CD and compress it to Ogg/Vorbis, MP3, FLAC, Ogg/Speex, AAC, WavPack, Monkey's Audio (ape), MPP/MP+(Musepack), True Audio (tta) and/or MP2 format.
SYNOPSIS
abcde [options] [tracks]
DESCRIPTION
Ordinarily, the process of grabbing the data off a CD and encoding it,
then tagging or commenting it, is very involved. abcde is designed to
automate this. It will take an entire CD and convert it into a
compressed audio format - Ogg/Vorbis, MPEG Audio Layer III (MP3), Free
Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), Ogg/Speex, MPP/MP+(Musepack), M4A (AAC) wv
(WavPack), Monkey's Audio (ape), Opus, True Audio (tta) or MPEG Audio
Layer II (MP2) format(s). With one command, it will:
* Do a CDDB or Musicbrainz query over the Internet to look up your
CD or use a locally stored CDDB entry, or read CD-TEXT from your
CD as a fallback for track information
* Download the album art appropriate for your music tracks with
many user configurable options for download and post download
alterations
* Grab an audio track (or all the audio CD tracks) from your CD
* Normalize the volume of the individual file (or the album as a
single unit)
* Compress to Ogg/Vorbis, MP3, FLAC, Ogg/Speex, MPP/MP+(Musepack),
M4A, wv (WavPack), Monkey's Audio (ape), Opus format(s) True
Audio (tta) and/or MP2, all in one CD read
* Comment or ID3/ID3v2 tag
* Give an intelligible filename
* Calculate replaygain values for the individual file (or the
album as a single unit)
* Delete the intermediate WAV file (or save it for later use)
* Repeat until finished
Alternatively, abcde can also grab a CD and turn it into a single FLAC
file with an embedded cuesheet which can be user later on as a source
for other formats, and will be treated as if it was the original CD. In
a way, abcde can take a compressed backup of your CD collection.
OPTIONS
-1 Encode the whole CD in a single file. The resulting file uses
the CD title for tagging. If the resulting format is a flac file
with an embedded cuesheet, the file can be used as a source for
creating other formats. Use "-1 -o flac -a default,cue" for
obtaining such a file.
-a [actions]
Comma-delimited list of actions to perform. Can be one or more
of: cddb, cue, read, getalbumart, normalize, encode, tag, move,
replaygain, playlist, clean. Normalize and encode imply read.
Tag implies cddb, read, encode. Move implies cddb, read, encode,
tag. Replaygain implies cddb, read, encode, tag and move.
Playlist implies cddb. The default is to do all actions except
cue, normalize, replaygain, getalbumart and playlist.
-b Enable batch mode normalization. See the BATCHNORM configuration
variable.
-c [filename]
Specifies an additional configuration file to parse.
Configuration options in this file override those in
/etc/abcde.conf or $HOME/.abcde.conf.
-C [discid]
Allows you to resume a session for discid when you no longer
have the CD available (abcde will automatically resume if you
still have the CD in the drive). You must have already finished
at least the "read" action during the previous session.
-d [devicename | filename]
CD-ROM block device that contains audio tracks to be read.
Alternatively, a single-track flac file with embedded cuesheet.
-D Capture debugging information (you'll want to redirect this -
try 'abcde -D 2>logfile')
-e Erase information about encoded tracks from the internal status
file, to enable other encodings if the wav files have been kept.
-f Force the removal of the temporary ABCDETEMPDIR directory, even
when we have not finished. For example, one can read and encode
several formats, including .ogg, and later on execute a move
action with only one of the given formats. On a normal situation
it would erase the rest of those encoded formats. In this case,
abcde will refuse to execute such command, except if -f is used.
-g Enable lame's --nogap option. See the NOGAP variable. WARNING:
lame's --nogap disables the Xing mp3 tag. This tag is required
for mp3 players to correctly display track lengths when playing
variable-bit-rate mp3 files.
-G Download album art using the getalbumart function. This is best
done with CDDBMETHOD set to musicbrainz and requires the
installation of glyrc. ImageMagick is an optional but highly
recommended package. Further details of getalbumart can be found
in the abcde FAQ document packaged with abcde.
-h Get help information.
-j [number]
Start [number] encoder processes at once. Useful for SMP
systems. Overrides the MAXPROCS configuration variable. Set it
to "0" when using distmp3 to avoid local encoding processes.
-k Keep the wav files after encoding.
-l Use the low-diskspace algorithm. See the LOWDISK configuration
variable.
-L Use a local CDDB repository. See CDDBLOCALDIR variable.
-m Create DOS-style playlists, modifying the resulting one by
adding CRLF line endings. Some hardware players insist on having
those to work.
-n Do not query CDDB database. Create and use a template. Edit the
template to provide song names, artist(s), ...
-N Non interactive mode. Do not ask anything from the user. Just go
ahead.
-o [filetype][:filetypeoptions]
Select output type. Can be "vorbis" (or "ogg"), "mp3", "flac",
"spx", "mpc", "m4a", "wav", "wv", "ape", "opus" or "mka".
Specify a comma-delimited list of output types to obtain all
specified types. See the OUTPUTTYPE configuration variable. One
can pass options to the encoder for a specific filetype on the
command line separating them with a colon. The options must be
escaped with double-quotes.
-p Pads track numbers with 0s.
-P Use Unix PIPES to read and encode in one step (USEPIPES). This
disables multiple encodings, since the WAV audio file is never
stored in the disc. For more detail on this option see the FAQ
document in the source tarball.
-r [hosts...]
Remote encode on this comma-delimited list of machines using
distmp3. See the REMOTEHOSTS configuration variable.
-s [fields...]
List, separated by commas, the fields to be shown in the CDDB
parsed entries. Right now it only uses "year" and "genre".
-S [speed]
Set the speed of the CD drive. Needs CDSPEED and CDSPEEDOPTS set
properly and both the program and device must support the
capability.
-t [number]
Start the numbering of the tracks at a given number. It only
affects the filenames and the playlist. Internal (tag) numbering
remains the same.
-T [number]
Same as -t but changes also the internal (tag) numbering. Keep
in mind that the default TRACK tag for MP3 is $T/$TRACKS so it
is changed to simply $T.
-U Set CDDBPROTO to version 5, so that we retrieve ISO-8859-15
encoded CDDB information, and we tag and add comments with
Latin1 encoding.
-v Show the version and exit
-V Be more verbose. On slow networks the CDDB requests might give
the sensation nothing is happening. Add this more than once to
make things even more verbose.
-x Eject the CD when all tracks have been read. See the EJECTCD
configuration variable.
-X [cue2discid]
Use an alternative "cue2discid" implementation. The name of the
binary must be exactly that. abcde comes with an implementation
in python under the examples directory. The special keyword
"builtin" forces the usage of the internal (default)
implementation in shell script.
-w [comment]
Add a comment to the tracks ripped from the CD. If you wish to
use parentheses, these will need to be escaped. i.e. you have to
write "\(" instead of "(".
-W [number]
Concatenate CDs. It uses the number provided to define a
comment "CD #" and to modify the numbering of the tracks,
starting with "#01". For Ogg/Vorbis and FLAC files, it also
defines a DISCNUMBER tag.
-z DEBUG mode: it will rip, using cdparanoia, the very first second
of each track and proceed with the actions requested very
quickly, also providing some "hidden" information about what
happens on the background. CAUTION: IT WILL ERASE ANY EXISTING
RIPS WITHOUT WARNING!
[tracks]
A list of tracks you want abcde to process. If this isn't
specified, abcde will process the entire CD. Accepts ranges of
track numbers - "abcde 1-5 7 9" will process tracks 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 7, and 9.
OUTPUT
Each track is, by default, placed in a separate file named after the track in a subdirectory named after the artist under the current directory. This can be modified using the OUTPUTFORMAT and VAOUTPUTFORMAT variables in your abcde.conf. Each file is given an extension identifying its compression format, 'vorbis' for '.ogg', '.mp3', '.flac', '.spx', '.mpc', '.wav', '.wv', '.ape', '.opus' or '.mka'.
CONFIGURATION
abcde sources two configuration files on startup - /etc/abcde.conf and
$HOME/.abcde.conf, in that order.
The configuration options stated in those files can be overridden by
providing the appropriate flags at runtime.
The configuration variables have to be set as follows:
VARIABLE=value
Except when "value" needs to be quoted or otherwise interpreted.
If other variables within "value" are to be expanded upon
reading the configuration file, then double quotes should be
used. If they are only supposed to be expanded upon use (for
example OUTPUTFORMAT) then single quotes must be used.
All shell escaping/quoting rules apply.
Here is a list of options abcde recognizes:
CDDBMETHOD
Specifies the method we want to use to retrieve the track
information. Two values are recognized: "cddb" and
"musicbrainz". The "cddb" value needs the CDDBURL and HELLOINFO
variables described below. The "musicbrainz" value uses the Perl
helper script abcde-musicbrainz-tool to establish a conversation
with the Musicbrainz server for information retrieval.
CDDBURL
Specifies a server to use for CDDB lookups.
CDDBPROTO
Specifies the protocol version used for the CDDB retrieval of
results. Version 6 retrieves CDDB entries in UTF-8 format.
HELLOINFO
Specifies the Hello information to send to the CDDB server. The
CDDB protocol requires you to send a valid username and hostname
each time you connect. The format of this is username@hostname.
CDDBLOCALDIR
Specifies a directory where we store a local CDDB repository.
The entries must be standard CDDB entries, with the filename
being the DISCID value. Other CD playing and ripping programs
(like Grip) store the entries under ~/.cddb and we can make use
of those entries.
CDDBLOCALRECURSIVE
Specifies if the CDDBLOCALDIR has to be searched recursively
trying to find a match for the CDDB entry. If a match is found
and selected, and CDDBCOPYLOCAL is selected, it will be copied
to the root of the CDDBLOCALDIR if CDDBLOCALPOLICY is "modified"
or "new". The default "y" is needed for the local CDDB search to
work.
CDDBLOCALPOLICY
Defines when a CDDB entry should be stored in the defined
CDDBLOCALDIR. The possible policies are: "net" for a CDDB entry
which has been received from the net (overwriting any possible
local CDDB entry); "new" for a CDDB entry which was received
from the net, but will request confirmation to overwrite a local
CDDB entry found in the root of the CDDBLOCALDIR directory;
"modified" for a CDDB entry found in the local repository but
which has been modified by the user; and "always" which forces
the CDDB entry to be stored back in the root of the CDDBLOCALDIR
no matter where it was found, and no matter it was not edited.
This last option will always overwrite the one found in the root
of the local repository (if any). STILL NOT WORKING!!
CDDBCOPYLOCAL
Store local copies of the CDDB entries under the $CDDBLOCALDIR
directory.
CDDBUSELOCAL
Actually use the stored copies of the CDDB entries. Can be
overridden using the "-L" flag (if is CDDBUSELOCAL in "n"). If
an entry is found, we always give the choice of retrieving a
CDDB entry from the internet.
SHOWCDDBFIELDS
Coma-separated list of fields we want to parse during the CDDB
parsing. Defaults to "year,genre".
OGGENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for the Ogg/Vorbis
encoder. Valid options are oggenc (default for Ogg/Vorbis) and
vorbize. This affects the default location of the binary, the
variable to pick encoder command-line options from, and where
the options are given.
MP3ENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for the MP3 encoder. Valid
options are lame (default for MP3), gogo, bladeenc,
l3enc and mp3enc. Affects the same way as explained above
for Ogg/Vorbis.
FLACENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for the FLAC encoder. At
this point only flac is available for FLAC encoding.
MP2ENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for the MPEG-1 Audio Layer
II (MP2) encoder. At this point both twolame and ffmpeg are
available for MP2 encoding.
SPEEXENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for Speex encoder. At this
point only speexenc is available for Ogg/Speex encoding.
MPCENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for MPP/MP+ (Musepack)
encoder. At this point we only have mpcenc available, from
musepack.net.
AACENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for M4A (AAC) encoder. We
support faac as default as well as higher quality audio with
neroAacEnc, fdkaac, qaac,fhgaacenc and FFmpeg or avconv. If
qaac, refalac or FFmpeg / avconv are used it is also possible to
generate Apple Lossless Audio Codec (alac) files. Note that
qaac, refalac and fhgaacenc are Windows applications which
require Wine to be installed.
TTAENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for True Audio (tts)
encoding. We support tta as default but the older ttaenc can
be used as well.
WVENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for WavPack. We support
wavpack as default but ffmpeg' is the other option (Note
that this is for FFmpeg only as avconv does not have a native
WavPack encoder).
APENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for Monkey's Audio (ape).
We support mac, Monkey's Audio Console, as default.
OPUSENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for the Opus encoder. At
this point only opusenc is available for Opus encoding.
MKAENCODERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of encoder to use for the Matroska or mka
container. At this point only ffmpeg is available to utilise
the mka container. Safe audio codecs for mka include Vorbis,
MP2, MP3, LC-AAC, HE-AAC, WMAv1, WMAv2, AC3, eAC3 and Opus. See
the FAQ document for more information.
NORMALIZERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of normalizer to use. Valid options are
default and normalize' (and both run normalize-audio),
since we only support it, ATM.
CDROMREADERSYNTAX
Specifies the style of cdrom reader to use. Valid options are
cdparanoia, libcdio' debug and flac. It is used for
querying the CDROM and obtain a list of valid tracks and DATA
tracks. The special flac case is u sed to "rip" CD tracks from
a single-track flac file.
CUEREADERSYNTAX
Specifies the syntax of the program we use to read the CD CUE
sheet. Right now we only support mkcue, but in the future
other readers might be used.
KEEPWAVS
It defaults to no, so if you want to keep those wavs ripped from
your CD, set it to "y". You can use the "-k" switch in the
command line. The default behaviour with KEEPWAVS set is to keep
the temporary directory and the wav files even you have
requested the "clean" action.
PADTRACKS
If set to "y", it adds 0's to the file numbers to complete a
two-number holder. Useful when encoding tracks 1-9.
INTERACTIVE
Set to "n" if you want to perform automatic rips, without user
intervention.
NICE VALUES
Define the values for priorities (nice values) for the different
CPU-hungry processes: encoding (ENCNICE), CDROM read (READNICE)
and distributed encoder with distmp3 (DISTMP3NICE).
PATHNAMES
The following configuration file options specify the pathnames
of their respective utilities: LAME, GOGO, BLADEENC, L3ENC,
XINGMP3ENC, MP3ENC, VORBIZE, OGGENC, FLAC, SPEEXENC, MPCENC,
WAVEPACK, APENC, OPUSENC, ID3, EYED3, METAFLAC, CDPARANOIA,
CD_PARANOIA, CDDA2WAV, PIRD, CDDAFS, CDDISCID, CDDBTOOL, EJECT,
MD5SUM, DISTMP3, VORBISCOMMENT, NORMALIZE, CDSPEED, MP3GAIN,
VORBISGAIN, MPCGAIN, MKCUE, MKTOC, CUE2DISCID (see option "-X"),
DIFF, HTTPGET, GLYRC, IDENTIFY, DISPLAYCMD, CONVERT, QAAC, WINE,
FHGAACENC, ATOMICPARSLEY, FFMPEG, TWOLAME, MID3V2, TTA and
TTAENC.
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
If you wish to specify command-line options to any of the
programs abcde uses, set the following configuration file
options: LAMEOPTS, GOGOOPTS, BLADEENCOPTS, L3ENCOPTS,
XINGMP3ENCOPTS, MP3ENCOPTS, VORBIZEOPTS, WAVEPACKENCOPTS,
APENCOPTS, OGGENCOPTS, FLACOPTS, SPEEXENCOPTS, MPCENCOPTS,
FAACENCOPTS, NEROAACENCOPTS, FDKAACENCOPTS, OPUSENCOPTS,
ID3OPTS, EYED3OPTS, MP3GAINOPTS, CDPARANOIAOPTS, CDDA2WAVOPTS,
PIRDOPTS, CDDAFSOPTS, CDDBTOOLOPTS, EJECTOPTS, DISTMP3OPTS,
NORMALIZEOPTS, CDSPEEDOPTS, MKCUEOPTS, VORBISCOMMMENTOPTS,
METAFLACOPTS, DIFFOPTS, FLACGAINOPTS, VORBISGAINOPTS,
HTTPGETOPTS, GLYRCOPTS, IDENTIFYOPTS, CONVERTOPTS,
DISPLAYCMDOPTS, QAACENCOPTS, FHGAACENCOPTS, ATOMICPARSLEYOPTS,
FFMPEGENCOPTS, TWOLAMENCOPTS and TTAENCOPTS.
CDSPEEDVALUE
Set the value of the CDROM speed. The default is to read the
disc as fast as the reading program and the system permits. The
steps are defined as 150kB/s (1x).
ACTIONS
The default actions to be performed when reading a disc.
CDROM If set, it points to the CD-Rom device which has to be used for
audio extraction. Abcde tries to guess the right device, but it
may fail. The special flac option is defined to extract tracks
from a single-track flac file.
CDPARANOIACDROMBUS
Defined as "d" when using cdparanoia with an IDE bus and as "g"
when using cdparanoia with the ide-scsi emulation layer.
OUTPUTDIR
Specifies the directory to place completed tracks/playlists in.
WAVOUTPUTDIR
Specifies the temporary directory to store .wav files in. Abcde
may use up to 700MB of temporary space for each session
(although it is rare to use over 100MB for a machine that can
encode music as fast as it can read it).
OUTPUTTYPE
Specifies the encoding format to output, as well as the default
extension and encoder. Defaults to "vorbis". Valid settings are
"vorbis" (or "ogg") (Ogg/Vorbis), "mp3" (MPEG-1 Audio Layer
III), "flac" (Free Lossless Audio Codec), "mp2" (MPEG-1 Audio
Layer III), "spx" (Ogg/Speex), "mpc" (MPP/MP+ (Musepack), "m4a"
(AAC or ALAC),"wv" (WavPack"), "wav" (Microsoft Waveform),
"opus" (Opus Interactive Audio Codec), "tta" (True Audio) or
"mka" (Matroska). Values like "vorbis,mp3" encode the tracks in
both Ogg/Vorbis and MP3 formats. For example:
OUTPUTTYPE=vorbis,flac
For each value in OUTPUTTYPE, abcde expands a different process
for encoding, tagging and moving, so you can use the format
placeholder, OUTPUT, to create different subdirectories to hold
the different types. The variable OUTPUT will be 'vorbis',
'mp3', 'flac', 'spx', 'mpc', 'm4a', mp2, 'wv', 'ape', 'tta',
'wav' and/or 'mka' depending on the OUTPUTTYPE you define. For
example
OUTPUTFORMAT='${OUTPUT}/${ARTISTFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}/${TRACKNUM}._${TRACKFILE}'
OUTPUTFORMAT
Specifies the format for completed Ogg/Vorbis, MP3, FLAC,
Ogg/Speex, MPP/MP+ (Musepack) or M4A filenames. Variables are
included using standard shell syntax. Allowed variables are
GENRE, ALBUMFILE, ARTISTFILE, TRACKFILE, TRACKNUM, and YEAR.
Default is
${ARTISTFILE}-${ALBUMFILE}/${TRACKNUM}-${TRACKFILE}. Make
sure to use single quotes around this variable. TRACKNUM is
automatically zero-padded, when the number of encoded tracks is
higher than 9. When lower, you can force with '-p' in the
command line.
VAOUTPUTFORMAT
Just like OUTPUTFORMAT but for Various Artists discs. The
default is
'Various-${ALBUMFILE}/${TRACKNUM}.${ARTISTFILE}-${TRACKFILE}'
ONETRACKOUTPUTFORMAT
Just like OUTPUTFORMAT but for single-track rips (see option
"-1"). The default is '${ARTISTFILE}-${ALBUMFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}'
VAONETRACKOUTPUTFORMAT
Just like ONETRACKOUTPUTFORMAT but for Various Artists discs.
The default is 'Various-${ALBUMFILE}/${ALBUMFILE}'
MAXPROCS
Defines how many encoders to run at once. This makes for huge
speedups on SMP systems. You should run one encoder per CPU at
once for maximum efficiency, although more doesn't hurt very
much. Set it "0" when using mp3dist to avoid getting encoding
processes in the local host.
LOWDISK
If set to y, conserves disk space by encoding tracks immediately
after reading them. This is substantially slower than normal
operation but requires several hundred MB less space to complete
the encoding of an entire CD. Use only if your system is low on
space and cannot encode as quickly as it can read.
Note that this option may also help when reading a CD with
errors. This is because on a scratchy disk reading is quite
timing sensitive and this option reduces the background load on
the system which allows the ripping program more precise
control.
BATCHNORM
If set to y, enables batch mode normalization, which preserves
relative volume differences between tracks of an album. Also
enables nogap encoding when using the lame encoder.
NOGAP Activate the lame's --nogap option, that allows files found in
CDs with no silence between songs (such as live concerts) to be
encoded without noticeable gaps. WARNING: lame's --nogap
disables the Xing mp3 tag. This tag is required for mp3 players
to correctly display track lengths when playing variable-bit-
rate mp3 files.
PLAYLISTFORMAT
Specifies the format for completed playlist filenames. Works
like the OUTPUTFORMAT configuration variable. Default is
${ARTISTFILE}_-_${ALBUMFILE}.m3u. Make sure to use single
quotes around this variable.
PLAYLISTDATAPREFIX
Specifies a prefix for filenames within a playlist. Useful for
http playlists, etc.
DOSPLAYLIST
If set, the resulting playlist will have CR-LF line endings,
needed by some hardware-based players.
COMMENT
Specifies a comment to embed in the ID3 or Ogg comment field of
each finished track. Can be up to 28 characters long. Supports
the same syntax as OUTPUTFORMAT. Does not currently support
ID3v2.
REMOTEHOSTS
Specifies a comma-delimited list of systems to use for remote
encoding using distmp3. Equivalent to -r.
mungefilename
mungefilename() is an abcde shell function that can be
overridden via abcde.conf. It takes CDDB data as $1 and outputs
the resulting filename on stdout. It defaults to deleting any
preceding dots to filename, replacing spaces with an underscore
and eating characters which variously Windows and Linux do not
permit.
If you modify this function, it is probably a good idea to keep
the forward slash munging (UNIX cannot store a file with a '/'
char in it) as well as the control character munging (NULs can't
be in a filename either, and newlines and such in filenames are
typically not desirable).
mungegenre
mungegenre () is a shell function used to modify the $GENRE
variable. As a default action, it takes $GENRE as $1 and outputs
the resulting value to stdout converting all UPPERCASE
characters to lowercase.
pre_read
pre_read () is a shell function which is executed before the
CDROM is read for the first time, during abcde execution. It can
be used to close the CDROM tray, to set its speed (via "setcd"
or via "eject", if available) and other preparation actions. The
default function is empty.
post_read
post_read () is a shell function which is executed after the
CDROM is read (and, if applies, before the CDROM is ejected). It
can be used to read a TOC from the CDROM, or to try to read the
DATA areas from the CD (if any exist). The default function is
empty.
EJECTCD
If set to "y", abcde will call eject(1) to eject the cdrom from
the drive after all tracks have been read. It has no effect when
CDROM is set to a flac file.
EXTRAVERBOSE
If set to "1", some operations which are usually now shown to
the end user are visible, such as CDDB queries. Useful for
initial debug and if your network/CDDB server is slow. Set to
"2" or more for even more verbose output.
EXAMPLES
Possible ways one can call abcde:
abcde Will work in most systems
abcde -d /dev/cdrom2
If the CDROM you are reading from is not the standard /dev/cdrom
(in GNU/Linux systems)
abcde -o vorbis,flac
Will create both Ogg/Vorbis and Ogg/FLAC files.
abcde -o vorbis:"-b 192"
Will pass "-b 192" to the Ogg/Vorbis encoder, without having to
modify the config file
abcde -W 1
For double+ CD settings: will create the 1st CD starting with
the track number 101, and will add a comment "CD 1" to the
tracks, the second starting with 201 and so on.
abcde -d singletrack.flac -o vorbis:"-q 6"
Will extract the files contained in singletrack FLAC file using
the embedded cuesheet and then encode the output files to
Ogg/Vorbis with a quality setting of 6.
BACKEND TOOLS
abcde requires the following backend tools to work:
* An Ogg/Vorbis, MP3, FLAC, Ogg/Speex, MPP/MP+(Musepack), M4A
encoder or Opus encoder (oggenc, vorbize, lame, gogo, bladeenc,
l3enc, mp3enc, flac, speexenc, mpcenc, faac, neroAacEnc, fdkaac,
wavpack, opusenc).
* An audio CD reading utility (cdparanoia, icedax, cdda2wav,
libcdio (cd-paranoia), pird, dagrab). To read CD-TEXT
information, icedax or cdda2wav will be needed.
* cd-discid, a CDDB DiscID reading program.
* An HTTP retrieval program: wget, fetch (FreeBSD) or curl (Mac OS
X, among others). Alternatively, abcde-musicbrainz-tool (which
depends on Perl and some Musicbrainz libraries) can be used to
retrieve CDDB information about the CD.
* (for MP3s) id3 or eyeD3, id3 v1 and v2 tagging programs.
* For Monkey's Audio (ape) tagging Robert Muth's 'apetag' is
required.
* To retrieve album art a glyrc package is required and optionally
the ImageMagick package should be installed.
* (optional) distmp3, a client/server for distributed mp3
encoding.
* (optional) normalize-audio, a WAV file volume normalizer.
* (optional) a replaygain file volume modifier (vorbisgain,
metaflac, mp3gain, mpcgain, wvgain),
* (optional) mkcue, a CD cuesheet extractor.
SEE ALSO
cdparanoia(1), cd-paranoia(1) icedax(1), cdda2wav(1), twolame(1), mid3v2(1), pird(1), dagrab(1), normalize-audio(1), oggenc(1), vorbize(1), flac(1), speexenc(1), mpcenc(1), faac(1), fdkaac(1), identify(1), display(1), convert(1), wavpack(1), wvgain(1), id3(1), eyeD3(1), wget(1), fetch(1), cd-discid(1), distmp3(1), distmp3host(1), curl(1), mkcue(1), vorbisgain(1), mp3gain(1)
AUTHORS
Robert Woodcock <rcw@debian.org>, Jesus Climent
<jesus.climent@hispalinux.es>, Colin Tuckley <colint@debian.org>, Steve
McIntyre <93sam@debian.org>, Andrew Strong
<andrew.david.strong@gmail.com> and contributions from many others.
abcde(1)
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
