gitweb(1)


NAME

   gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)

SYNOPSIS

   To get started with gitweb, run git-instaweb(1) from a Git repository.
   This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser
   pointing to gitweb.

DESCRIPTION

   Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories. Its features
   include:

   *   Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.

   *   Browsing every revision of the repository.

   *   Viewing the contents of files in the repository at any revision.

   *   Viewing the revision log of branches, history of files and
       directories, see what was changed when, by who.

   *   Viewing the blame/annotation details of any file (if enabled).

   *   Generating RSS and Atom feeds of commits, for any branch. The feeds
       are auto-discoverable in modern web browsers.

   *   Viewing everything that was changed in a revision, and step through
       revisions one at a time, viewing the history of the repository.

   *   Finding commits which commit messages matches given search term.

   See http://git.kernel.org/?p=git/git.git;a=tree;f=gitweb or
   http://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/ for gitweb source code,
   browsed using gitweb itself.

CONFIGURATION

   Various aspects of gitweb's behavior can be controlled through the
   configuration file gitweb_config.perl or /etc/gitweb.conf. See the
   gitweb.conf(5) for details.

   Repositories
   Gitweb can show information from one or more Git repositories. These
   repositories have to be all on local filesystem, and have to share
   common repository root, i.e. be all under a single parent repository
   (but see also "Advanced web server setup" section, "Webserver
   configuration with multiple projects' root" subsection).

       our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';

   The default value for $projectroot is /pub/git. You can change it
   during building gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECTROOT build configuration
   variable.

   By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and
   available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by
   scanning the $projectroot directory for Git repositories (for object
   databases to be more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area,
   and is best suited to showing "bare" repositories).

   The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its $GIT_DIR (its
   object database) relative to $projectroot. Therefore the repository
   $repo can be found at "$projectroot/$repo".

   Projects list file format
   Instead of having gitweb find repositories by scanning filesystem
   starting from $projectroot, you can provide a pre-generated list of
   visible projects by setting $projects_list to point to a plain text
   file with a list of projects (with some additional info).

   This file uses the following format:

   *   One record (for project / repository) per line; does not support
       line continuation (newline escaping).

   *   Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored.

   *   Whitespace separated fields; any run of whitespace can be used as
       field separator (rules for Perl's "split(" ", $line)").

   *   Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in RFC 3986, section 2.1
       (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding" (see
       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding), the
       difference being that SP (" ") can be encoded as "+" (and therefore
       "+" has to be also percent-encoded).

       Reserved characters are: "%" (used for encoding), "+" (can be used
       to encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl,
       including SP, TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).

   *   Currently recognized fields are:

       <repository path>
           path to repository GIT_DIR, relative to $projectroot

       <repository owner>
           displayed as repository owner, preferably full name, or email,
           or both

   You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index
   action (the TXT link on projects list page) directly from gitweb; see
   also "Generating projects list using gitweb" section below.

   Example contents:

       foo.git       Joe+R+Hacker+<joe@example.com>
       foo/bar.git   O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org>

   By default this file controls only which projects are visible on
   projects list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly
   recognized Git repositories won't be displayed by gitweb). Even if a
   project is not visible on projects list page, you can view it
   nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. By setting $strict_export
   configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)) to true value you can allow
   viewing only of repositories also shown on the overview page (i.e. only
   projects explicitly listed in projects list file will be accessible).

   Generating projects list using gitweb
   We assume that GITWEB_CONFIG has its default Makefile value, namely
   gitweb_config.perl. Put the following in gitweb_make_index.perl file:

       read_config_file("gitweb_config.perl");
       $projects_list = $projectroot;

   Then create the following script to get list of project in the format
   suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or
   $projects_list variable in gitweb config):

       #!/bin/sh

       export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl"
       export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1"
       export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*"
       export REQUEST_METHOD="GET"
       export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index"

       perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi

   Run this script and save its output to a file. This file could then be
   used as projects list file, which means that you can set $projects_list
   to its filename.

   Controlling access to Git repositories
   By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and
   available to gitweb. You can however configure how gitweb controls
   access to repositories.

   *   As described in "Projects list file format" section, you can
       control which projects are visible by selectively including
       repositories in projects list file, and setting $projects_list
       gitweb configuration variable to point to it. With $strict_export
       set, projects list file can be used to control which repositories
       are available as well.

   *   You can configure gitweb to only list and allow viewing of the
       explicitly exported repositories, via $export_ok variable in gitweb
       config file; see gitweb.conf(5) manpage. If it evaluates to true,
       gitweb shows repositories only if this file named by $export_ok
       exists in its object database (if directory has the magic file
       named $export_ok).

       For example git-daemon(1) by default (unless --export-all option is
       used) allows pulling only for those repositories that have
       git-daemon-export-ok file. Adding

           our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";

       makes gitweb show and allow access only to those repositories that
       can be fetched from via git:// protocol.

   *   Finally, it is possible to specify an arbitrary perl subroutine
       that will be called for each repository to determine if it can be
       exported. The subroutine receives an absolute path to the project
       (repository) as its only parameter (i.e. "$projectroot/$project").

       For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb
       HTTP protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you
       can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is
       authorized to read the files:

           $export_auth_hook = sub {
                   use Apache2::SubRequest ();
                   use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK);
                   my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD";
                   my $r    = Apache2::RequestUtil->request;
                   my $sub  = $r->lookup_file($path);
                   return $sub->filename eq $path
                       && $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK;
           };

   Per-repository gitweb configuration
   You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating
   file in the GIT_DIR of Git repository, or by setting some repo
   configuration variable (in GIT_DIR/config, see git-config(1)).

   You can use the following files in repository:

   README.html
       A html file (HTML fragment) which is included on the gitweb project
       "summary" page inside <div> block element. You can use it for
       longer description of a project, to provide links (for example to
       project's homepage), etc. This is recognized only if XSS prevention
       is off ($prevent_xss is false, see gitweb.conf(5)); a way to
       include a README safely when XSS prevention is on may be worked out
       in the future.

   description (or gitweb.description)
       Short (shortened to $projects_list_description_width in the
       projects list page, which is 25 characters by default; see
       gitweb.conf(5)) single line description of a project (of a
       repository). Plain text file; HTML will be escaped. By default set
       to

           Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.

       from the template during repository creation, usually installed in
       /usr/share/git-core/templates/. You can use the gitweb.description
       repo configuration variable, but the file takes precedence.

   category (or gitweb.category)
       Singe line category of a project, used to group projects if
       $projects_list_group_categories is enabled. By default (file and
       configuration variable absent), uncategorized projects are put in
       the $project_list_default_category category. You can use the
       gitweb.category repo configuration variable, but the file takes
       precedence.

       The configuration variables $projects_list_group_categories and
       $project_list_default_category are described in gitweb.conf(5)

   cloneurl (or multiple-valued gitweb.url)
       File with repository URL (used for clone and fetch), one per line.
       Displayed in the project summary page. You can use multiple-valued
       gitweb.url repository configuration variable for that, but the file
       takes precedence.

       This is per-repository enhancement / version of global prefix-based
       @git_base_url_list gitweb configuration variable (see
       gitweb.conf(5)).

   gitweb.owner
       You can use the gitweb.owner repository configuration variable to
       set repository's owner. It is displayed in the project list and
       summary page.

       If it's not set, filesystem directory's owner is used (via GECOS
       field, i.e. real name field from getpwuid(3)) if $projects_list is
       unset (gitweb scans $projectroot for repositories); if
       $projects_list points to file with list of repositories, then
       project owner defaults to value from this file for given
       repository.

   various gitweb.* config variables (in config)
       Read description of %feature hash for detailed list, and
       descriptions. See also "Configuring gitweb features" section in
       gitweb.conf(5)

ACTIONS, AND URLS

   Gitweb can use path_info (component) based URLs, or it can pass all
   necessary information via query parameters. The typical gitweb URLs are
   broken down in to five components:

       .../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision>:/<path>?<arguments>

   repo
       The repository the action will be performed on.

       All actions except for those that list all available projects, in
       whatever form, require this parameter.

   action
       The action that will be run. Defaults to projects_list if repo is
       not set, and to summary otherwise.

   revision
       Revision shown. Defaults to HEAD.

   path
       The path within the <repository> that the action is performed on,
       for those actions that require it.

   arguments
       Any arguments that control the behaviour of the action.

   Some actions require or allow to specify two revisions, and sometimes
   even two pathnames. In most general form such path_info (component)
   based gitweb URL looks like this:

       .../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision_from>:/<path_from>..<revision_to>:/<path_to>?<arguments>

   Each action is implemented as a subroutine, and must be present in
   %actions hash. Some actions are disabled by default, and must be turned
   on via feature mechanism. For example to enable blame view add the
   following to gitweb configuration file:

       $feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];

   Actions:
   The standard actions are:

   project_list
       Lists the available Git repositories. This is the default command
       if no repository is specified in the URL.

   summary
       Displays summary about given repository. This is the default
       command if no action is specified in URL, and only repository is
       specified.

   heads, remotes
       Lists all local or all remote-tracking branches in given
       repository.

       The latter is not available by default, unless configured.

   tags
       List all tags (lightweight and annotated) in given repository.

   blob, tree
       Shows the files and directories in a given repository path, at
       given revision. This is default command if no action is specified
       in the URL, and path is given.

   blob_plain
       Returns the raw data for the file in given repository, at given
       path and revision. Links to this action are marked raw.

   blobdiff
       Shows the difference between two revisions of the same file.

   blame, blame_incremental
       Shows the blame (also called annotation) information for a file. On
       a per line basis it shows the revision in which that line was last
       changed and the user that committed the change. The incremental
       version (which if configured is used automatically when JavaScript
       is enabled) uses Ajax to incrementally add blame info to the
       contents of given file.

       This action is disabled by default for performance reasons.

   commit, commitdiff
       Shows information about a specific commit in a repository. The
       commit view shows information about commit in more detail, the
       commitdiff action shows changeset for given commit.

   patch
       Returns the commit in plain text mail format, suitable for applying
       with git-am(1).

   tag
       Display specific annotated tag (tag object).

   log, shortlog
       Shows log information (commit message or just commit subject) for a
       given branch (starting from given revision).

       The shortlog view is more compact; it shows one commit per line.

   history
       Shows history of the file or directory in a given repository path,
       starting from given revision (defaults to HEAD, i.e. default
       branch).

       This view is similar to shortlog view.

   rss, atom
       Generates an RSS (or Atom) feed of changes to repository.

WEBSERVER CONFIGURATION

   This section explains how to configure some common webservers to run
   gitweb. In all cases, /path/to/gitweb in the examples is the directory
   you ran installed gitweb in, and contains gitweb_config.perl.

   If you've configured a web server that isn't listed here for gitweb,
   please send in the instructions so they can be included in a future
   release.

   Apache as CGI
   Apache must be configured to support CGI scripts in the directory in
   which gitweb is installed. Let's assume that it is /var/www/cgi-bin
   directory.

       ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

       <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
           Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI
           AllowOverride None
           Order allow,deny
           Allow from all
       </Directory>

   With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:

       http://server/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi

   Apache with mod_perl, via ModPerl::Registry
   You can use mod_perl with gitweb. You must install Apache::Registry
   (for mod_perl 1.x) or ModPerl::Registry (for mod_perl 2.x) to enable
   this support.

   Assuming that gitweb is installed to /var/www/perl, the following
   Apache configuration (for mod_perl 2.x) is suitable.

       Alias /perl "/var/www/perl"

       <Directory "/var/www/perl">
           SetHandler perl-script
           PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry
           PerlOptions +ParseHeaders
           Options Indexes FollowSymlinks +ExecCGI
           AllowOverride None
           Order allow,deny
           Allow from all
       </Directory>

   With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:

       http://server/perl/gitweb.cgi

   Apache with FastCGI
   Gitweb works with Apache and FastCGI. First you need to rename, copy or
   symlink gitweb.cgi to gitweb.fcgi. Let's assume that gitweb is
   installed in /usr/share/gitweb directory. The following Apache
   configuration is suitable (UNTESTED!)

       FastCgiServer /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
       ScriptAlias /gitweb /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi

       Alias /gitweb/static /usr/share/gitweb/static
       <Directory /usr/share/gitweb/static>
           SetHandler default-handler
       </Directory>

   With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:

       http://server/gitweb

ADVANCED WEB SERVER SETUP

   All of those examples use request rewriting, and need mod_rewrite (or
   equivalent; examples below are written for Apache).

   Single URL for gitweb and for fetching
   If you want to have one URL for both gitweb and your http://
   repositories, you can configure Apache like this:

       <VirtualHost *:80>
           ServerName    git.example.org
           DocumentRoot  /pub/git
           SetEnv        GITWEB_CONFIG   /etc/gitweb.conf

           # turning on mod rewrite
           RewriteEngine on

           # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
           RewriteRule ^/$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi

           # make access for "dumb clients" work
           RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \
                       /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI}  [L,PT]
       </VirtualHost>

   The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
   /pub/git and will serve them as
   http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git, both as clonable Git URL and
   as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your git-daemon(1)
   with --base-path=/pub/git --export-all then you can even use the git://
   URL with exactly the same path.

   Setting the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG will tell gitweb to use
   the named file (i.e. in this example /etc/gitweb.conf) as a
   configuration for gitweb. You don't really need it in above example; it
   is required only if your configuration file is in different place than
   built-in (during compiling gitweb) gitweb_config.perl or
   /etc/gitweb.conf. See gitweb.conf(5) for details, especially
   information about precedence rules.

   If you use the rewrite rules from the example you might also need
   something like the following in your gitweb configuration file
   (/etc/gitweb.conf following example):

       @stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css");
       $my_uri    = "/";
       $home_link = "/";
       $per_request_config = 1;

   Nowadays though gitweb should create HTML base tag when needed (to set
   base URI for relative links), so it should work automatically.

   Webserver configuration with multiple projects' root
   If you want to use gitweb with several project roots you can edit your
   Apache virtual host and gitweb configuration files in the following
   way.

   The virtual host configuration (in Apache configuration file) should
   look like this:

       <VirtualHost *:80>
           ServerName    git.example.org
           DocumentRoot  /pub/git
           SetEnv        GITWEB_CONFIG  /etc/gitweb.conf

           # turning on mod rewrite
           RewriteEngine on

           # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script
           RewriteRule ^/$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi  [QSA,L,PT]

           # look for a public_git folder in unix users' home
           # http://git.example.org/~<user>/
           RewriteRule ^/\~([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$   /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
                       [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]

           # http://git.example.org/+<user>/
           #RewriteRule ^/\+([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$  /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
                        [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]

           # http://git.example.org/user/<user>/
           #RewriteRule ^/user/([^\/]+)/(gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
                        [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT]

           # defined list of project roots
           RewriteRule ^/scm(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
                       [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/pub/scm/,L,PT]
           RewriteRule ^/var(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \
                       [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/var/git/,L,PT]

           # make access for "dumb clients" work
           RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \
                       /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI}  [L,PT]
       </VirtualHost>

   Here actual project root is passed to gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECT_ROOT
   environment variable from a web server, so you need to put the
   following line in gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf in above
   example):

       $projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";

   Note that this requires to be set for each request, so either
   $per_request_config must be false, or the above must be put in code
   referenced by $per_request_config;

   These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (<user>)
   of the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories
   found in ~/public_git/ with the following url:

       http://git.example.org/~<user>/

   If you do not want this feature on your server just remove the second
   rewrite rule.

   If you already use 'mod_userdir` in your virtual host or you don't want
   to use the '~' as first character, just comment or remove the second
   rewrite rule, and uncomment one of the following according to what you
   want.

   Second, repositories found in /pub/scm/ and /var/git/ will be
   accessible through http://git.example.org/scm/ and
   http://git.example.org/var/. You can add as many project roots as you
   want by adding rewrite rules like the third and the fourth.

   PATH_INFO usage
   If you enable PATH_INFO usage in gitweb by putting

       $feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];

   in your gitweb configuration file, it is possible to set up your server
   so that it consumes and produces URLs in the form

       http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag

   i.e. without gitweb.cgi part, by using a configuration such as the
   following. This configuration assumes that /var/www/gitweb is the
   DocumentRoot of your webserver, contains the gitweb.cgi script and
   complementary static files (stylesheet, favicon, JavaScript):

       <VirtualHost *:80>
               ServerAlias git.example.com

               DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb

               <Directory /var/www/gitweb>
                       Options ExecCGI
                       AddHandler cgi-script cgi

                       DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi

                       RewriteEngine On
                       RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
                       RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
                       RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
               </Directory>
       </VirtualHost>

   The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly
   served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO
   parameter.

   Notice that in this case you don't need special settings for
   @stylesheets, $my_uri and $home_link, but you lose "dumb client" access
   to your project .git dirs (described in "Single URL for gitweb and for
   fetching" section). A possible workaround for the latter is the
   following: in your project root dir (e.g. /pub/git) have the projects
   named without a .git extension (e.g. /pub/git/project instead of
   /pub/git/project.git) and configure Apache as follows:

       <VirtualHost *:80>
               ServerAlias git.example.com

               DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb

               AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(\.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3
               <Directory /var/www/gitweb>
                       Options ExecCGI
                       AddHandler cgi-script cgi

                       DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi

                       RewriteEngine On
                       RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
                       RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
                       RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT]
               </Directory>
       </VirtualHost>

   The additional AliasMatch makes it so that

       http://git.example.com/project.git

   will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can
   be cloned), while

       http://git.example.com/project

   will provide human-friendly gitweb access.

   This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some
   project has a named ref (branch, tag) starting with git/, then paths
   such as

       http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch

   will fail with a 404 error.

BUGS

   Please report any bugs or feature requests to git@vger.kernel.org[1],
   putting "gitweb" in the subject of email.

SEE ALSO

   gitweb.conf(5), git-instaweb(1)

   gitweb/README, gitweb/INSTALL

GIT

   Part of the git(1) suite

NOTES

    1. git@vger.kernel.org
       mailto:git@vger.kernel.org





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