Free Knowledge Resources


Linux Manual Pages


Free Software * Books

Source Code

Free Media

Linux

hosts.nntp(5)


NAME

   hosts.nntp, hosts.nntp.nolimit - list of hosts that feed NNTP news

DESCRIPTION

   The  file  /etc/news/hosts.nntp  is  read by innd(8) to get the list of
   hosts that feed the local site Usenet news  using  the  NNTP  protocol.
   The  server  reads  this  file  at  start-up  or  when  directed  to by
   ctlinnd(8).  When a host connects to the NNTP port  of  the  system  on
   which  innd  is  running,  the  server  will do a check to see if their
   Internet address is the same as one of the hosts named  in  this  file.
   If  the  host  is  not  mentioned,  then innd will spawn an nnrpd(8) to
   process the connection, with the accepted connection on standard  input
   and standard output.

   Comments  begin with a number sign (``#'') and continue through the end
   of the line.  Blank lines and comments also ignored.  All  other  lines
   should consist of two or three fields separated by a colon.

   The  first  field  should  be either an Internet address in dotted-quad
   format or an address that can be  parsed  by  gethostbyname(3).   If  a
   host's  entry  has multiple addresses, all of them will be added to the
   access list.  The second field, which may be blank, is the password the
   foreign  host  is  required  to  use  when first connecting.  The third
   field, which may be omitted, is a list of newsgroups to which the  host
   may  send articles.  This list is parsed as a newsfeeds(5) subscription
   list; groups not in the list are ignored. Posts crossposted  in  groups
   matched by a @group.* entry are dropped.

   For example:
          ##  FOO has a password, UUNET and VIX dont.
          ##  UUNET cannot post to local groups.
          ##  Example is not part of Usenet II.
          ##  These are comment lines.
          news.foo.com:magic
          uunet.uu.net::!foo.*
          data.ramona.vix.com:
          newspeer.example.com::*,@net.*

   The  first  field  may be suffixed by ``/s'' to indicate that streaming
   commands are specifically permitted to be used by this host. By default
   streaming  commands  are  available  to  all  hosts.  If  any  entry in
   hosts.nntp has a ``/s'' suffix, then only those hosts with  the  ``/s''
   suffix will be permitted to use streaming commands.

   For  example,  with  the  following  hosts.nntp  file,  only  the  host
   data.ramona.vix.com is allowed to use the streaming commands.
          ## As above, but
          news.foo.com:magic
          uunet.uu.net::!foo.*
          data.ramona.vix.com/s:

   The first field may be suffixed by  ``/a''  to  indicate  that  the  IP
   address  of  the  feeding  hosts allowed by this entry should always be
   included in the Path line of articles, or by ``/t''  to  indicate  that
   the  address  should  not be included, or ``/a'' followed by a pathhost
   value to indicate that the IP address should be included  if  the  most
   recent  Path  entry does not match the pathhost specified after ``/a''.
   The default is to log the address in articles whose  most  recent  Path
   entry is not the same as the hostname in the hosts.nntp entry.

   Since innd is usually started at system boot time, the local nameserver
   may not be fully operational when innd parses this file.   As  a  work-
   around,  a ctlinnd ``reload'' command can be performed after a delay of
   an hour or so.  It is also possible to provide both a host's  name  and
   its dotted-quad address in the file.

   If  the  file contains passwords, it should not be world-readable.  The
   file /etc/news/hosts.nntp.nolimit, if it exists is  read  whenever  the
   ``hosts.nntp'' file is read.  It has the same format, although only the
   first field is used.  Any host mentioned in this file is not subject to
   the  incoming  connections limit specified by innd's ``-i'' flag.  This
   can be used to allow local hosts or time-sensitive  peers,  to  connect
   regardless of the local conditions.

HISTORY

   Written  by  Rich  $alz <rsalz@uunet.uu.net> for InterNetNews.  This is
   revision 1.22, dated 1996/11/27.

SEE ALSO

   ctlinnd(8), innd(8), nnrpd(8).

                                                             HOSTS.NNTP(5)



Opportunity


Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.

Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.



Free Software


Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.

Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.



Free Books


The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.

Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.



Education


Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.

Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.


birds banner