smartctl(8)
NAME
smartctl - Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks
SYNOPSIS
smartctl [options] device
DESCRIPTION
[This man page is generated for the Linux version of smartmontools. It
does not contain info specific to other platforms.]
smartctl controls the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting
Technology (SMART) system built into most ATA/SATA and SCSI/SAS hard
drives and solid-state drives. The purpose of SMART is to monitor the
reliability of the hard drive and predict drive failures, and to carry
out different types of drive self-tests. smartctl also supports some
features not related to SMART. This version of smartctl is compatible
with ACS-3, ACS-2, ATA8-ACS, ATA/ATAPI-7 and earlier standards (see
REFERENCES below).
smartctl also provides support for polling TapeAlert messages from SCSI
tape drives and changers.
The user must specify the device to be controlled or interrogated as
the final argument to smartctl. The command set used by the device is
often derived from the device path but may need help with the -d
option (for more information see the section on "ATA, SCSI command sets
and SAT" below). Device paths are as follows:
LINUX: Use the forms "/dev/sd[a-z]" for ATA/SATA and SCSI/SAS
devices. For SCSI Tape Drives and Changers with TapeAlert
support use the devices "/dev/nst*" and "/dev/sg*". For disks
behind 3ware controllers you may need "/dev/sd[a-z]" or
"/dev/twe[0-9]", "/dev/twa[0-9]" or "/dev/twl[0-9]": see
details below. For disks behind HighPoint RocketRAID
controllers you may need "/dev/sd[a-z]". For disks behind
Areca SATA RAID controllers, you need "/dev/sg[2-9]" (note
that smartmontools interacts with the Areca controllers via a
SCSI generic device which is different than the SCSI device
used for reading and writing data)! For HP Smart Array RAID
controllers, there are three currently supported drivers:
cciss, hpsa, and hpahcisr. For disks accessed via the cciss
driver the device nodes are of the form "/dev/cciss/c[0-9]d0".
For disks accessed via the hpahcisr and hpsa drivers, the
device nodes you need are "/dev/sg[0-9]*". ("lsscsi -g" is
helpful in determining which scsi generic device node
corresponds to which device.) Use the nodes corresponding to
the RAID controllers, not the nodes corresponding to logical
drives. See the -d option below, as well. Use the forms
"/dev/nvme[0-9]" (broadcast namespace) or
"/dev/nvme[0-9]n[1-9]" (specific namespace 1-9) for NVMe
devices.
if - is specified as the device path, smartctl reads and interprets
it's own debug output from standard input. See -r ataioctl below for
details.
Based on the device path, smartctl will guess the device type (ATA or
SCSI). If necessary, the -d option can be used to override this
guess
Note that the printed output of smartctl displays most numerical values
in base 10 (decimal), but some values are displayed in base 16
(hexadecimal). To distinguish them, the base 16 values are always
displayed with a leading "0x", for example: "0xff". This man page
follows the same convention.
OPTIONS
The options are grouped below into several categories. smartctl will
execute the corresponding commands in the order: INFORMATION,
ENABLE/DISABLE, DISPLAY DATA, RUN/ABORT TESTS.
SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS:
-h, --help, --usage
Prints a usage message to STDOUT and exits.
-V, --version, --copyright, --license
Prints version, copyright, license, home page and SVN revision
information for your copy of smartctl to STDOUT and then exits.
Please include this information if you are reporting bugs or
problems.
-i, --info
Prints the device model number, serial number, firmware version,
and ATA Standard version/revision information. Says if the
device supports SMART, and if so, whether SMART support is
currently enabled or disabled. If the device supports Logical
Block Address mode (LBA mode) print current user drive capacity
in bytes. (If drive is has a user protected area reserved, or is
"clipped", this may be smaller than the potential maximum drive
capacity.) Indicates if the drive is in the smartmontools
database (see -v options below). If so, the drive model
family may also be printed. If -n (see below) is specified,
the power mode of the drive is printed.
[NVMe] [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] For NVMe devices the information
is obtained from the Identify Controller and the Identify
Namespace data structure.
--identify[=[w][nvb]]
[ATA only] Prints an annotated table of the IDENTIFY DEVICE
data. By default, only valid words (words not equal to 0x0000
or 0xffff) and nonzero bits and bit fields are printed. This
can be changed by the optional argument which consists of one or
two characters from the set wnvb. The character w enables
printing of all 256 words. The character n suppresses printing
of bits, v enables printing of all bits from valid words, b
enables printing of all bits. For example --identify=n (valid
words, no bits) produces the shortest output and --identify=wb
(all words, all bits) produces the longest output.
-a, --all
Prints all SMART information about the disk, or TapeAlert
information about the tape drive or changer. For ATA devices
this is equivalent to
-H -i -c -A -l error -l selftest -l selective
and for SCSI, this is equivalent to
-H -i -A -l error -l selftest.
For NVMe, this is equivalent to
-H -i -c -A -l error'.
Note that for ATA disks this does not enable the non-SMART
options and the SMART options which require support for 48-bit
ATA commands.
-x, --xall
Prints all SMART and non-SMART information about the device. For
ATA devices this is equivalent to
-H -i -g all -c -A -f brief -l xerror,error -l xselftest,selftest
-l selective -l directory -l scttemp -l scterc -l devstat -l sataphy.
and for SCSI, this is equivalent to
-H -i -A -l error -l selftest -l background -l sasphy.
For NVMe, this is equivalent to
-H -i -c -A -l error'.
--scan Scans for devices and prints each device name, device type and
protocol ([ATA] or [SCSI]) info. May be used in conjunction
with -d TYPE to restrict the scan to a specific TYPE. See
also info about platform specific device scan and the DEVICESCAN
directive on smartd(8) man page.
--scan-open
Same as --scan, but also tries to open each device before
printing device info. The device open may change the device
type due to autodetection (see also -d test).
This option can be used to create a draft smartd.conf file. All
options after -- are appended to each output line. For
example:
smartctl --scan-open -- -a -W 4,45,50 -m admin@work > smartd.conf
[NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] Multiple -d TYPE options
may be specified with --scan[-open] to combine the scan
results of more than one TYPE.
-g NAME, --get=NAME
Get non-SMART device settings. See -s, --set below for
further info.
RUN-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS:
-q TYPE, --quietmode=TYPE
Specifies that smartctl should run in one of the two quiet modes
described here. The valid arguments to this option are:
errorsonly - only print: For the -l error option, if nonzero,
the number of errors recorded in the SMART error log and the
power-on time when they occurred; For the -l selftest option,
errors recorded in the device self-test log; For the -H
option, SMART "disk failing" status or device Attributes (pre-
failure or usage) which failed either now or in the past; For
the -A option, device Attributes (pre-failure or usage) which
failed either now or in the past.
silent - print no output. The only way to learn about what was
found is to use the exit status of smartctl (see EXIT STATUS
below).
noserial - Do not print the serial number of the device.
-d TYPE, --device=TYPE
Specifies the type of the device. The valid arguments to this
option are:
auto - attempt to guess the device type from the device name or
from controller type info provided by the operating system or
from a matching USB ID entry in the drive database. This is the
default.
test - prints the guessed type, then opens the device and prints
the (possibly changed) TYPE name and then exists without
performing any further commands.
ata - the device type is ATA. This prevents smartctl from
issuing SCSI commands to an ATA device.
scsi - the device type is SCSI. This prevents smartctl from
issuing ATA commands to a SCSI device.
nvme[,NSID] - [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] the device type is NVM Express
(NVMe). The optional parameter NSID specifies the namespace id
(in hex) passed to the driver. Use 0xffffffff for the broadcast
namespace id. The default for NSID is the namespace id
addressed by the device name.
sat[,auto][,N] - the device type is SCSI to ATA Translation
(SAT). This is for ATA disks that have a SCSI to ATA
Translation (SAT) Layer (SATL) between the disk and the
operating system. SAT defines two ATA PASS THROUGH SCSI
commands, one 12 bytes long and the other 16 bytes long. The
default is the 16 byte variant which can be overridden with
either -d sat,12 or -d sat,16.
If -d sat,auto is specified, device type SAT (for ATA/SATA
disks) is only used if the SCSI INQUIRY data reports a SATL
(VENDOR: "ATA "). Otherwise device type SCSI (for SCSI/SAS
disks) is used.
usbcypress - this device type is for ATA disks that are behind a
Cypress USB to PATA bridge. This will use the ATACB proprietary
scsi pass through command. The default SCSI operation code is
0x24, but although it can be overridden with -d
usbcypress,0xN, where N is the scsi operation code, you're
running the risk of damage to the device or filesystems on it.
usbjmicron[,p][,x][,PORT] - this device type is for SATA disks
that are behind a JMicron USB to PATA/SATA bridge. The 48-bit
ATA commands (required e.g. for -l xerror, see below) do not
work with all of these bridges and are therefore disabled by
default. These commands can be enabled by -d usbjmicron,x.
If two disks are connected to a bridge with two ports, an error
message is printed if no PORT is specified. The port can be
specified by -d usbjmicron[,x],PORT where PORT is 0 (master)
or 1 (slave). This is not necessary if the device uses a port
multiplier to connect multiple disks to one port. The disks
appear under separate /dev/ice names then. CAUTION: Specifying
,x for a device which does not support it results in I/O
errors and may disconnect the drive. The same applies if the
specified PORT does not exist or is not connected to a disk.
The Prolific PL2507/3507 USB bridges with older firmware support
a pass-through command similar to JMicron and work with -d
usbjmicron,0. Newer Prolific firmware requires a modified
command which can be selected by -d usbjmicron,p. Note that
this does not yet support the SMART status command.
usbprolific - [NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] this device
type is for SATA disks that are behind a Prolific
PL2571/2771/2773/2775 USB to SATA bridge.
usbsunplus - this device type is for SATA disks that are behind
a SunplusIT USB to SATA bridge.
marvell - [Linux only] interact with SATA disks behind Marvell
chip-set controllers (using the Marvell rather than libata
driver).
megaraid,N - [Linux only] the device consists of one or more
SCSI/SAS disks connected to a MegaRAID controller. The non-
negative integer N (in the range of 0 to 127 inclusive) denotes
which disk on the controller is monitored. Use syntax such as:
smartctl -a -d megaraid,2 /dev/sda
smartctl -a -d megaraid,0 /dev/sdb
smartctl -a -d megaraid,0 /dev/bus/0
This interface will also work for Dell PERC controllers. It is
possible to set RAID device name as /dev/bus/N, where N is a
SCSI bus number.
The following entry in /proc/devices must exist:
For PERC2/3/4 controllers: megadevN
For PERC5/6 controllers: megaraid_sas_ioctlN
aacraid,H,L,ID - [Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] the device consists of one or
more SCSI/SAS disks connected to an AacRaid controller. The
non-negative integers H,L,ID (Host number, Lun, ID) denote which
disk on the controller is monitored. Use syntax such as:
smartctl -a -d aacraid,0,0,2 /dev/sda
smartctl -a -d aacraid,1,0,4 /dev/sdb
On Linux, the following entry in /proc/devices must exist: aac.
Character device nodes /dev/aacH (H=Host number) are created if
required.
3ware,N - [FreeBSD and Linux only] the device consists of one or
more ATA disks connected to a 3ware RAID controller. The non-
negative integer N (in the range from 0 to 127 inclusive)
denotes which disk on the controller is monitored. Use syntax
such as:
smartctl -a -d 3ware,2 /dev/sda [Linux only]
smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twe0
smartctl -a -d 3ware,1 /dev/twa0
smartctl -a -d 3ware,1 /dev/twl0 [Linux only]
smartctl -a -d 3ware,1 /dev/tws0 [FreeBSD only]
The first two forms, which refer to devices /dev/sda-z and
/dev/twe0-15, may be used with 3ware series 6000, 7000, and 8000
series controllers that use the 3x-xxxx driver. Note that the
/dev/sda-z form is deprecated starting with the Linux 2.6 kernel
series and may not be supported by the Linux kernel in the near
future. The final form, which refers to devices /dev/twa0-15,
must be used with 3ware 9000 series controllers, which use the
3w-9xxx driver.
The devices /dev/twl0-15 [Linux] or /dev/tws0-15 [FreeBSD] must
be used with the 3ware/LSI 9750 series controllers which use the
3w-sas driver.
Note that if the special character device nodes /dev/tw[ls]?,
/dev/twa? and /dev/twe? do not exist, or exist with the
incorrect major or minor numbers, smartctl will recreate them on
the fly. Typically /dev/twa0 refers to the first 9000-series
controller, /dev/twa1 refers to the second 9000 series
controller, and so on. The /dev/twl0 devices refers to the
first 9750 series controller, /dev/twl1 resfers to the second
9750 series controller, and so on. Likewise /dev/twe0 refers to
the first 6/7/8000-series controller, /dev/twe1 refers to the
second 6/7/8000 series controller, and so on.
Note that for the 6/7/8000 controllers, any of the physical
disks can be queried or examined using any of the 3ware's SCSI
logical device /dev/sd? entries. Thus, if logical device
/dev/sda is made up of two physical disks (3ware ports zero and
one) and logical device /dev/sdb is made up of two other
physical disks (3ware ports two and three) then you can examine
the SMART data on any of the four physical disks using either
SCSI device /dev/sda or /dev/sdb. If you need to know which
logical SCSI device a particular physical disk (3ware port) is
associated with, use the dmesg or SYSLOG output to show which
SCSI ID corresponds to a particular 3ware unit, and then use the
3ware CLI or 3dm tool to determine which ports (physical disks)
correspond to particular 3ware units.
If the value of N corresponds to a port that does not exist on
the 3ware controller, or to a port that does not physically have
a disk attached to it, the behavior of smartctl depends upon the
specific controller model, firmware, Linux kernel and platform.
In some cases you will get a warning message that the device
does not exist. In other cases you will be presented with
void data for a non-existent device.
Note that if the /dev/sd? addressing form is used, then older
3w-xxxx drivers do not pass the "Enable Autosave" (-S on) and
"Enable Automatic Offline" (-o on) commands to the disk, and
produce these types of harmless syslog error messages instead:
"3w-xxxx: tw_ioctl(): Passthru size (123392) too big". This can
be fixed by upgrading to version 1.02.00.037 or later of the 3w-
xxxx driver, or by applying a patch to older versions.
Alternatively, use the character device /dev/twe0-15 interface.
The selective self-test functions (-t select,A-B) are only
supported using the character device interface /dev/twl0-15,
/dev/tws0-15, /dev/twa0-15 and /dev/twe0-15. The necessary
WRITE LOG commands can not be passed through the SCSI interface.
areca,N - [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] the device
consists of one or more SATA disks connected to an Areca SATA
RAID controller. The positive integer N (in the range from 1 to
24 inclusive) denotes which disk on the controller is monitored.
On Linux use syntax such as:
smartctl -a -d areca,2 /dev/sg2
smartctl -a -d areca,3 /dev/sg3
The first line above addresses the second disk on the first
Areca RAID controller. The second line addresses the third disk
on the second Areca RAID controller. To help identify the
correct device on Linux, use the command:
cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_hdr /proc/scsi/sg/devices
to show the SCSI generic devices (one per line, starting with
/dev/sg0). The correct SCSI generic devices to address for
smartmontools are the ones with the type field equal to 3. If
the incorrect device is addressed, please read the warning/error
messages carefully. They should provide hints about what
devices to use.
Important: the Areca controller must have firmware version 1.46
or later. Lower-numbered firmware versions will give (harmless)
SCSI error messages and no SMART information.
areca,N/E - [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] the device
consists of one or more SATA or SAS disks connected to an Areca
SAS RAID controller. The integer N (range 1 to 128) denotes the
channel (slot) and E (range 1 to 8) denotes the enclosure.
Important: This requires Areca SAS controller firmware version
1.51 or later.
cciss,N - [FreeBSD and Linux only] the device consists of one or
more SCSI/SAS or SATA disks connected to a cciss RAID
controller. The non-negative integer N (in the range from 0 to
15 inclusive) denotes which disk on the controller is monitored.
To look at disks behind HP Smart Array controllers, use syntax
such as:
smartctl -a -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c0d0 (cciss driver under Linux)
smartctl -a -d cciss,0 /dev/sg2 (hpsa or hpahcisr drivers under Linux)
hpt,L/M/N - [FreeBSD and Linux only] the device consists of one
or more ATA disks connected to a HighPoint RocketRAID
controller. The integer L is the controller id, the integer M
is the channel number, and the integer N is the PMPort number if
it is available. The allowed values of L are from 1 to 4
inclusive, M are from 1 to 128 inclusive and N from 1 to 4 if
PMPort available. And also these values are limited by the
model of the HighPoint RocketRAID controller. Use syntax such
as:
smartctl -a -d hpt,1/3 /dev/sda (under Linux)
smartctl -a -d hpt,1/2/3 /dev/sda (under Linux)
Note that the /dev/sda-z form should be the device node which
stands for the disks derived from the HighPoint RocketRAID
controllers under Linux and under FreeBSD, it is the character
device which the driver registered (eg, /dev/hptrr,
/dev/hptmv6).
-T TYPE, --tolerance=TYPE
[ATA only] Specifies how tolerant smartctl should be of ATA and
SMART command failures.
The behavior of smartctl depends upon whether the command is
"optional" or "mandatory". Here "mandatory" means "required by
the ATA Specification if the device implements the SMART command
set" and "optional" means "not required by the ATA Specification
even if the device implements the SMART command set." The
"mandatory" ATA and SMART commands are: (1) ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE,
(2) SMART ENABLE/DISABLE ATTRIBUTE AUTOSAVE, (3) SMART
ENABLE/DISABLE, and (4) SMART RETURN STATUS.
The valid arguments to this option are:
normal - exit on failure of any mandatory SMART command, and
ignore all failures of optional SMART commands. This is the
default. Note that on some devices, issuing unimplemented
optional SMART commands doesnt cause an error. This can result
in misleading smartctl messages such as "Feature X not
implemented", followed shortly by "Feature X: enabled". In most
such cases, contrary to the final message, Feature X is not
enabled.
conservative - exit on failure of any optional SMART command.
permissive - ignore failure(s) of mandatory SMART commands.
This option may be given more than once. Each additional use of
this option will cause one more additional failure to be
ignored. Note that the use of this option can lead to messages
like "Feature X not supported", followed shortly by "Feature X
enable failed". In a few such cases, contrary to the final
message, Feature X is enabled.
verypermissive - equivalent to giving a large number of -T
permissive options: ignore failures of any number of mandatory
SMART commands. Please see the note above.
-b TYPE, --badsum=TYPE
[ATA only] Specifies the action smartctl should take if a
checksum error is detected in the: (1) Device Identity
Structure, (2) SMART Self-Test Log Structure, (3) SMART
Attribute Value Structure, (4) SMART Attribute Threshold
Structure, or (5) ATA Error Log Structure.
The valid arguments to this option are:
warn - report the incorrect checksum but carry on in spite of
it. This is the default.
exit - exit smartctl.
ignore - continue silently without issuing a warning.
-r TYPE, --report=TYPE
Intended primarily to help smartmontools developers understand
the behavior of smartmontools on non-conforming or poorly
conforming hardware. This option reports details of smartctl
transactions with the device. The option can be used multiple
times. When used just once, it shows a record of the ioctl()
transactions with the device. When used more than once, the
detail of these ioctl() transactions are reported in greater
detail. The valid arguments to this option are:
ioctl - report all ioctl() transactions.
ataioctl - report only ioctl() transactions with ATA devices.
scsiioctl - report only ioctl() transactions with SCSI devices.
Invoking this once shows the SCSI commands in hex and the
corresponding status. Invoking it a second time adds a hex
listing of the first 64 bytes of data send to, or received from
the device.
nvmeioctl - [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] report only ioctl() transactions
with NVMe devices.
Any argument may include a positive integer to specify the level
of detail that should be reported. The argument should be
followed by a comma then the integer with no spaces. For
example, ataioctl,2 The default level is 1, so -r ataioctl,1
and -r ataioctl are equivalent.
For testing purposes, the output of -r ataioctl,2 can later be
parsed by smartctl itself if - is used as device path
argument. The ATA command input parameters, sector data and
return values are reconstructed from the debug report read from
stdin. Then smartctl internally simulates an ATA device with
the same behaviour. This is does not work for SCSI devices yet.
-n POWERMODE, --nocheck=POWERMODE
[ATA only] Specifies if smartctl should exit before performing
any checks when the device is in a low-power mode. It may be
used to prevent a disk from being spun-up by smartctl. The power
mode is ignored by default. A nonzero exit status is returned
if the device is in one of the specified low-power modes (see
EXIT STATUS below).
Note: If this option is used it may also be necessary to specify
the device type with the -d option. Otherwise the device may
spin up due to commands issued during device type autodetection.
The valid arguments to this option are:
never - check the device always, but print the power mode if
-i is specified.
sleep - check the device unless it is in SLEEP mode.
standby - check the device unless it is in SLEEP or STANDBY
mode. In these modes most disks are not spinning, so if you
want to prevent a disk from spinning up, this is probably what
you want.
idle - check the device unless it is in SLEEP, STANDBY or IDLE
mode. In the IDLE state, most disks are still spinning, so this
is probably not what you want.
SMART FEATURE ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS:
Note: if multiple options are used to both enable and disable a
feature, then both the enable and disable commands will be
issued. The enable command will always be issued before the
corresponding disable command.
-s VALUE, --smart=VALUE
Enables or disables SMART on device. The valid arguments to
this option are on and off. Note that the command -s on
(perhaps used with with the -o on and -S on options) should
be placed in a start-up script for your machine, for example in
rc.local or rc.sysinit. In principle the SMART feature settings
are preserved over power-cycling, but it doesnt hurt to be
sure. It is not necessary (or useful) to enable SMART to see the
TapeAlert messages.
-o VALUE, --offlineauto=VALUE
[ATA only] Enables or disables SMART automatic offline test,
which scans the drive every four hours for disk defects. This
command can be given during normal system operation. The valid
arguments to this option are on and off.
Note that the SMART automatic offline test command is listed as
"Obsolete" in every version of the ATA and ATA/ATAPI
Specifications. It was originally part of the SFF-8035i
Revision 2.0 specification, but was never part of any ATA
specification. However it is implemented and used by many
vendors. You can tell if automatic offline testing is supported
by seeing if this command enables and disables it, as indicated
by the Auto Offline Data Collection part of the SMART
capabilities report (displayed with -c).
SMART provides three basic categories of testing. The first
category, called "online" testing, has no effect on the
performance of the device. It is turned on by the -s on
option.
The second category of testing is called "offline" testing. This
type of test can, in principle, degrade the device performance.
The -o on option causes this offline testing to be carried
out, automatically, on a regular scheduled basis. Normally, the
disk will suspend offline testing while disk accesses are taking
place, and then automatically resume it when the disk would
otherwise be idle, so in practice it has little effect. Note
that a one-time offline test can also be carried out immediately
upon receipt of a user command. See the -t offline option
below, which causes a one-time offline test to be carried out
immediately.
The choice (made by the SFF-8035i and ATA specification authors)
of the word testing for these first two categories is
unfortunate, and often leads to confusion. In fact these first
two categories of online and offline testing could have been
more accurately described as online and offline data collection.
The results of this automatic or immediate offline testing (data
collection) are reflected in the values of the SMART Attributes.
Thus, if problems or errors are detected, the values of these
Attributes will go below their failure thresholds; some types of
errors may also appear in the SMART error log. These are visible
with the -A and -l error options respectively.
Some SMART attribute values are updated only during off-line
data collection activities; the rest are updated during normal
operation of the device or during both normal operation and off-
line testing. The Attribute value table produced by the -A
option indicates this in the UPDATED column. Attributes of the
first type are labeled "Offline" and Attributes of the second
type are labeled "Always".
The third category of testing (and the only category for which
the word testing is really an appropriate choice) is "self"
testing. This third type of test is only performed
(immediately) when a command to run it is issued. The -t and
-X options can be used to carry out and abort such self-tests;
please see below for further details.
Any errors detected in the self testing will be shown in the
SMART self-test log, which can be examined using the -l
selftest option.
Note: in this manual page, the word "Test" is used in connection
with the second category just described, e.g. for the "offline"
testing. The words "Self-test" are used in connection with the
third category.
-S VALUE, --saveauto=VALUE
[ATA] Enables or disables SMART autosave of device vendor-
specific Attributes. The valid arguments to this option are on
and off. Note that this feature is preserved across disk power
cycles, so you should only need to issue it once.
The ATA standard does not specify a method to check whether
SMART autosave is enabled. Unlike SCSI (below), smartctl is
unable to print a warning if autosave is disabled.
[SCSI] For SCSI devices this toggles the value of the Global
Logging Target Save Disabled (GLTSD) bit in the Control Mode
Page. Some disk manufacturers set this bit by default. This
prevents error counters, power-up hours and other useful data
from being placed in non-volatile storage, so these values may
be reset to zero the next time the device is power-cycled. If
the GLTSD bit is set then smartctl -a will issue a warning.
Use on to clear the GLTSD bit and thus enable saving counters to
non-volatile storage. For extreme streaming-video type
applications you might consider using off to set the GLTSD bit.
-g NAME, --get=NAME, -s NAME[,VALUE], --set=NAME[,VALUE]
Gets/sets non-SMART device settings. Note that the --set
option shares its short option -s with --smart. Valid
arguments are:
all - Gets all values. This is equivalent to
-g aam -g apm -g lookahead -g security -g wcache
aam[,N|off] - [ATA only] Gets/sets the Automatic Acoustic
Management (AAM) feature (if supported). A value of 128 sets
the most quiet (slowest) mode and 254 the fastest (loudest)
mode, off disables AAM. Devices may support intermediate
levels. Values below 128 are defined as vendor specific (0) or
retired (1 to 127). Note that the AAM feature was declared
obsolete in ATA ACS-2 Revision 4a (Dec 2010).
apm[,N|off] - [ATA only] Gets/sets the Advanced Power Management
(APM) feature on device (if supported). If a value between 1
and 254 is provided, it will attempt to enable APM and set the
specified value, off disables APM. Note the actual behavior
depends on the drive, for example some drives disable APM if
their value is set above 128. Values below 128 are supposed to
allow drive spindown, values 128 and above adjust only head-
parking frequency, although the actual behavior defined is also
vendor-specific.
lookahead[,on|off] - [ATA only] Gets/sets the read look-ahead
feature (if supported). Read look-ahead is usually enabled by
default.
security - [ATA only] Gets the status of ATA Security feature
(if supported). If ATA Security is enabled an ATA user password
is set. The drive will be locked on next reset then.
security-freeze - [ATA only] Sets ATA Security feature to frozen
mode. This prevents that the drive accepts any security
commands until next reset. Note that the frozen mode may
already be set by BIOS or OS.
standby,[N|off] - [ATA only] Sets the standby (spindown) timer
and places the drive in the IDLE mode. A value of 0 or off
disables the standby timer. Values from 1 to 240 specify
timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes in 5 second increments.
Values from 241 to 251 specify timeouts from 30 minutes to 330
minutes in 30 minute increments. Value 252 specifies 21
minutes. Value 253 specifies a vendor specific time between 8
and 12 hours. Value 255 specifies 21 minutes and 15 seconds.
Some drives may use a vendor specific interpretation for the
values. Note that there is no get option because ATA standards
do not specify a method to read the standby timer.
standby,now - [ATA only] Places the drive in the STANDBY mode.
This usually spins down the drive. The setting of the standby
timer is not affected.
wcache[,on|off] - [ATA] Gets/sets the volatile write cache
feature (if supported). The write cache is usually enabled by
default.
wcache[,on|off] - [SCSI] Gets/sets the Write Cache Enable
(WCE) bit (if supported). The write cache is usually enabled by
default.
wcreorder[,on|off] - [ATA only] Gets/sets Write Cache
Reordering. If it is disabled (off), disk write scheduling is
executed on a first-in-first-out (FIFO) basis. If Write Cache
Reordering is enabled (on), then disk write scheduling may be
reordered by the drive. If write cache is disabled, the current
Write Cache Reordering state is remembered but has no effect on
non-cached writes, which are always written in the order
received. The state of Write Cache Reordering has no effect on
either NCQ or LCQ queued commands.
rcache[,on|off] - [SCSI only] Gets/sets the Read Cache Disable
(RCE) bit. Off value disables read cache (if supported). The
read cache is usually enabled by default.
SMART READ AND DISPLAY DATA OPTIONS:
-H, --health
Prints the health status of the device or pending TapeAlert
messages.
If the device reports failing health status, this means either
that the device has already failed, or that it is predicting its
own failure within the next 24 hours. If this happens, use the
-a option to get more information, and get your data off the
disk and to someplace safe as soon as you can.
[ATA] Health status is obtained by checking the (boolean) result
returned by the SMART RETURN STATUS command. The return value
of this ATA command may be unknown due to limitations or bugs in
some layer (e.g. RAID controller or USB bridge firmware) between
disk and operating system. In this case, smartctl prints a
warning and checks whether any Prefailure SMART Attribute value
is less than or equal to its threshold (see -A below).
[SCSI] Health status is obtained by checking the Additional
Sense Code (ASC) and Additional Sense Code Qualifier (ASCQ) from
Informal Exceptions (IE) log page (if supported) and/or from
SCSI sense data.
[SCSI tape drive or changer] TapeAlert status is obtained by
reading the TapeAlert log page. Please note that the TapeAlert
log page flags are cleared for the initiator when the page is
read. This means that each alert condition is reported only
once by smartctl for each initiator for each activation of the
condition.
[NVMe] [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] NVMe status is obtained by
reading the "Critical Warning" byte from the SMART/Health
Information log.
-c, --capabilities
[ATA] Prints only the generic SMART capabilities. These show
what SMART features are implemented and how the device will
respond to some of the different SMART commands. For example it
shows if the device logs errors, if it supports offline surface
scanning, and so on. If the device can carry out self-tests,
this option also shows the estimated time required to run those
tests.
Note that the time required to run the Self-tests (listed in
minutes) are fixed. However the time required to run the
Immediate Offline Test (listed in seconds) is variable. This
means that if you issue a command to perform an Immediate
Offline test with the -t offline option, then the time may
jump to a larger value and then count down as the Immediate
Offline Test is carried out. Please see REFERENCES below for
further information about the the flags and capabilities
described by this option.
[NVMe] [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] Prints various NVMe device
capabilities obtained from the Identify Controller and the
Identify Namespace data structure.
-A, --attributes
[ATA] Prints only the vendor specific SMART Attributes. The
Attributes are numbered from 1 to 253 and have specific names
and ID numbers. For example Attribute 12 is "power cycle count":
how many times has the disk been powered up.
Each Attribute has a "Raw" value, printed under the heading
"RAW_VALUE", and a "Normalized" value printed under the heading
"VALUE". [Note: smartctl prints these values in base-10.] In
the example just given, the "Raw Value" for Attribute 12 would
be the actual number of times that the disk has been power-
cycled, for example 365 if the disk has been turned on once per
day for exactly one year. Each vendor uses their own algorithm
to convert this "Raw" value to a "Normalized" value in the range
from 1 to 254. Please keep in mind that smartctl only reports
the different Attribute types, values, and thresholds as read
from the device. It does not carry out the conversion between
"Raw" and "Normalized" values: this is done by the disks
firmware.
The conversion from Raw value to a quantity with physical units
is not specified by the SMART standard. In most cases, the
values printed by smartctl are sensible. For example the
temperature Attribute generally has its raw value equal to the
temperature in Celsius. However in some cases vendors use
unusual conventions. For example the Hitachi disk on my laptop
reports its power-on hours in minutes, not hours. Some IBM disks
track three temperatures rather than one, in their raw values.
And so on.
Each Attribute also has a Threshold value (whose range is 0 to
255) which is printed under the heading "THRESH". If the
Normalized value is less than or equal to the Threshold value,
then the Attribute is said to have failed. If the Attribute is
a pre-failure Attribute, then disk failure is imminent.
Each Attribute also has a "Worst" value shown under the heading
"WORST". This is the smallest (closest to failure) value that
the disk has recorded at any time during its lifetime when SMART
was enabled. [Note however that some vendors firmware may
actually increase the "Worst" value for some "rate-type"
Attributes.]
The Attribute table printed out by smartctl also shows the
"TYPE" of the Attribute. Attributes are one of two possible
types: Pre-failure or Old age. Pre-failure Attributes are ones
which, if less than or equal to their threshold values, indicate
pending disk failure. Old age, or usage Attributes, are ones
which indicate end-of-product life from old-age or normal aging
and wearout, if the Attribute value is less than or equal to the
threshold. Please note: the fact that an Attribute is of type
'Pre-fail' does not mean that your disk is about to fail! It
only has this meaning if the Attributes current Normalized
value is less than or equal to the threshold value.
If the Attributes current Normalized value is less than or
equal to the threshold value, then the "WHEN_FAILED" column will
display "FAILING_NOW". If not, but the worst recorded value is
less than or equal to the threshold value, then this column will
display "In_the_past". If the "WHEN_FAILED" column has no entry
(indicated by a dash: -) then this Attribute is OK now (not
failing) and has also never failed in the past.
The table column labeled "UPDATED" shows if the SMART Attribute
values are updated during both normal operation and off-line
testing, or only during offline testing. The former are labeled
"Always" and the latter are labeled "Offline".
So to summarize: the Raw Attribute values are the ones that
might have a real physical interpretation, such as "Temperature
Celsius", "Hours", or "Start-Stop Cycles". Each manufacturer
converts these, using their detailed knowledge of the disks
operations and failure modes, to Normalized Attribute values in
the range 1-254. The current and worst (lowest measured) of
these Normalized Attribute values are stored on the disk, along
with a Threshold value that the manufacturer has determined will
indicate that the disk is going to fail, or that it has exceeded
its design age or aging limit. smartctl does not calculate any
of the Attribute values, thresholds, or types, it merely reports
them from the SMART data on the device.
Note that starting with ATA/ATAPI-4, revision 4, the meaning of
these Attribute fields has been made entirely vendor-specific.
However most newer ATA/SATA disks seem to respect their meaning,
so we have retained the option of printing the Attribute values.
Solid-state drives use different meanings for some of the
attributes. In this case the attribute name printed by smartctl
is incorrect unless the drive is already in the smartmontools
drive database.
[SCSI] For SCSI devices the "attributes" are obtained from the
temperature and start-stop cycle counter log pages. Certain
vendor specific attributes are listed if recognised. The
attributes are output in a relatively free format (compared with
ATA disk attributes).
[NVMe] [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only] [NEW
EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] For NVMe devices the attributes
are obtained from the SMART/Health Information log.
-f FORMAT, --format=FORMAT
[ATA only] Selects the output format of the attributes:
old - Old smartctl format. This is the default unless the -x
option is specified.
brief - New format which fits into 80 colums (except in some
rare cases). This format also decodes four additional attribute
flags. This is the default if the '-x option is specified.
hex,id - Print all attribute IDs as hexadecimal numbers.
hex,val - Print all normalized values as hexadecimal numbers.
hex - Same as -f hex,id -f hex,val.
-l TYPE, --log=TYPE
Prints either the SMART Error Log, the SMART Self-Test Log, the
SMART Selective Self-Test Log [ATA only], the Log Directory [ATA
only], or the Background Scan Results Log [SCSI only]. The
valid arguments to this option are:
error - [ATA] prints the Summary SMART error log. SMART disks
maintain a log of the most recent five non-trivial errors. For
each of these errors, the disk power-on lifetime at which the
error occurred is recorded, as is the device status (idle,
standby, etc) at the time of the error. For some common types
of errors, the Error Register (ER) and Status Register (SR)
values are decoded and printed as text. The meanings of these
are:
ABRT: Command ABoRTed
AMNF: Address Mark Not Found
CCTO: Command Completion Timed Out
EOM: End Of Media
ICRC: Interface Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) error
IDNF: IDentity Not Found
ILI: (packet command-set specific)
MC: Media Changed
MCR: Media Change Request
NM: No Media
obs: obsolete
TK0NF: TracK 0 Not Found
UNC: UNCorrectable Error in Data
WP: Media is Write Protected
In addition, up to the last five commands that preceded the
error are listed, along with a timestamp measured from the start
of the corresponding power cycle. This is displayed in the form
Dd+HH:MM:SS.msec where D is the number of days, HH is hours, MM
is minutes, SS is seconds and msec is milliseconds. [Note: this
time stamp wraps after 2^32 milliseconds, or 49 days 17 hours 2
minutes and 47.296 seconds.] The key ATA disk registers are
also recorded in the log. The final column of the error log is
a text-string description of the ATA command defined by the
Command Register (CR) and Feature Register (FR) values.
Commands that are obsolete in the most current spec are listed
like this: READ LONG (w/ retry) [OBS-4], indicating that the
command became obsolete with or in the ATA-4 specification.
Similarly, the notation [RET-N] is used to indicate that a
command was retired in the ATA-N specification. Some commands
are not defined in any version of the ATA specification but are
in common use nonetheless; these are marked [NS], meaning non-
standard.
The ATA Specification (ATA ACS-2 Revision 7, Section A.7.1)
says: "Error log data structures shall include, but are not
limited to, Uncorrectable errors, ID Not Found errors for which
the LBA requested was valid, servo errors, and write fault
errors. Error log data structures shall not include errors
attributed to the receipt of faulty commands." The definitions
of these terms are:
UNC (UNCorrectable): data is uncorrectable. This refers to data
which has been read from the disk, but for which the Error
Checking and Correction (ECC) codes are inconsistent. In
effect, this means that the data can not be read.
IDNF (ID Not Found): user-accessible address could not be found.
For READ LOG type commands, IDNF can also indicate that a device
data log structure checksum was incorrect.
If the command that caused the error was a READ or WRITE
command, then the Logical Block Address (LBA) at which the error
occurred will be printed in base 10 and base 16. The LBA is a
linear address, which counts 512-byte sectors on the disk,
starting from zero. (Because of the limitations of the SMART
error log, if the LBA is greater than 0xfffffff, then either no
error log entry will be made, or the error log entry will have
an incorrect LBA. This may happen for drives with a capacity
greater than 128 GiB or 137 GB.) On Linux systems the
smartmontools web page has instructions about how to convert the
LBA address to the name of the disk file containing the
erroneous disk sector.
Please note that some manufacturers ignore the ATA
specifications, and make entries in the error log if the device
receives a command which is not implemented or is not valid.
error - [SCSI] prints the error counter log pages for reads,
write and verifies. The verify row is only output if it has an
element other than zero.
error[,NUM] - [NVMe] [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and Cygwin only]
[NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] prints the NVMe Error
Information log. Only the 16 most recent log entries are
printed by default. This number can be changed by the optional
parameter NUM. The maximum number of log entries is vendor
specific (in the range from 1 to 256 inclusive).
xerror[,NUM][,error] - [ATA only] prints the Extended
Comprehensive SMART error log (General Purpose Log address
0x03). Unlike the Summary SMART error log (see -l error
above), it provides sufficient space to log the contents of the
48-bit LBA register set introduced with ATA-6. It also supports
logs with more than one sector. Each sector holds up to 4 log
entries. The actual number of log sectors is vendor specific.
Only the 8 most recent error log entries are printed by default.
This number can be changed by the optional parameter NUM.
If ',error' is appended and the Extended Comprehensive SMART
error log is not supported, the Summary SMART self-test log is
printed.
Please note that recent drives may report errors only in the
Extended Comprehensive SMART error log. The Summary SMART error
log may be reported as supported but is always empty then.
selftest - [ATA] prints the SMART self-test log. The disk
maintains a self-test log showing the results of the self tests,
which can be run using the -t option described below. For
each of the most recent twenty-one self-tests, the log shows the
type of test (short or extended, off-line or captive) and the
final status of the test. If the test did not complete
successfully, then the percentage of the test remaining is
shown. The time at which the test took place, measured in hours
of disk lifetime, is also printed. [Note: this time stamp wraps
after 2^16 hours, or 2730 days and 16 hours, or about 7.5
years.] If any errors were detected, the Logical Block Address
(LBA) of the first error is printed in decimal notation. On
Linux systems the smartmontools web page has instructions about
how to convert this LBA address to the name of the disk file
containing the erroneous block.
selftest - [SCSI] the self-test log for a SCSI device has a
slightly different format than for an ATA device. For each of
the most recent twenty self-tests, it shows the type of test and
the status (final or in progress) of the test. SCSI standards
use the terms "foreground" and "background" (rather than ATAs
corresponding "captive" and "off-line") and "short" and "long"
(rather than ATAs corresponding "short" and "extended") to
describe the type of the test. The printed segment number is
only relevant when a test fails in the third or later test
segment. It identifies the test that failed and consists of
either the number of the segment that failed during the test, or
the number of the test that failed and the number of the segment
in which the test was run, using a vendor-specific method of
putting both numbers into a single byte. The Logical Block
Address (LBA) of the first error is printed in hexadecimal
notation. On Linux systems the smartmontools web page has
instructions about how to convert this LBA address to the name
of the disk file containing the erroneous block. If provided,
the SCSI Sense Key (SK), Additional Sense Code (ASC) and
Additional Sense Code Qualifier (ASQ) are also printed. The self
tests can be run using the -t option described below (using
the ATA test terminology).
xselftest[,NUM][,selftest] - [ATA only] prints the Extended
SMART self-test log (General Purpose Log address 0x07). Unlike
the SMART self-test log (see -l selftest above), it supports
48-bit LBA and logs with more than one sector. Each sector
holds up to 19 log entries. The actual number of log sectors is
vendor specific.
Only the 25 most recent log entries are printed by default. This
number can be changed by the optional parameter NUM.
If ',selftest' is appended and the Extended SMART self-test log
is not supported, the old SMART self-test log is printed.
selective - [ATA only] Please see the -t select option below
for a description of selective self-tests. The selective self-
test log shows the start/end Logical Block Addresses (LBA) of
each of the five test spans, and their current test status. If
the span is being tested or the remainder of the disk is being
read-scanned, the current 65536-sector block of LBAs being
tested is also displayed. The selective self-test log also
shows if a read-scan of the remainder of the disk will be
carried out after the selective self-test has completed (see -t
afterselect option) and the time delay before restarting this
read-scan if it is interrupted (see -t pending option).
directory[,gs] - [ATA only] if the device supports the General
Purpose Logging feature set (ATA-6 and above) then this prints
the Log Directory (the log at address 0). The Log Directory
shows what logs are available and their length in sectors (512
bytes). The contents of the logs at address 1 [Summary SMART
error log] and at address 6 [SMART self-test log] may be printed
using the previously-described error and selftest arguments to
this option. If your version of smartctl supports 48-bit ATA
commands, both the General Purpose Log (GPL) and SMART Log (SL)
directories are printed in one combined table. The output can be
restricted to the GPL directory or SL directory by -l
directory,q or -l directory,s respectively.
background - [SCSI only] the background scan results log outputs
information derived from Background Media Scans (BMS) done after
power up and/or periodically (e.g. every 24 hours) on recent
SCSI disks. If supported, the BMS status is output first,
indicating whether a background scan is currently underway (and
if so a progress percentage), the amount of time the disk has
been powered up and the number of scans already completed. Then
there is a header and a line for each background scan "event".
These will typically be either recovered or unrecoverable
errors. That latter group may need some attention. There is a
description of the background scan mechanism in section 4.18 of
SBC-3 revision 6 (see www.t10.org ).
scttemp, scttempsts, scttemphist - [ATA only] prints the disk
temperature information provided by the SMART Command Transport
(SCT) commands. The option scttempsts prints current
temperature and temperature ranges returned by the SCT Status
command, scttemphist prints temperature limits and the
temperature history table returned by the SCT Data Table
command, and scttemp prints both. The temperature values are
preserved across power cycles. The logging interval can be
configured with the -l scttempint,N[,p] option, see below.
The SCT commands were introduced in ATA8-ACS and were also
supported by many ATA-7 disks.
scttempint,N[,p] - [ATA only] clears the SCT temperature history
table and sets the time interval for temperature logging to N
minutes. If ,p is specified, the setting is preserved across
power cycles. Otherwise, the setting is volatile and will be
reverted to the last non-volatile setting by the next hard
reset. The default interval is vendor specific, typical values
are 1, 2, or 5 minutes.
scterc[,READTIME,WRITETIME] - [ATA only] prints values and
descriptions of the SCT Error Recovery Control settings. These
are equivalent to TLER (as used by Western Digital), CCTL (as
used by Samsung and Hitachi/HGST) and ERC (as used by Seagate).
READTIME and WRITETIME arguments (deciseconds) set the specified
values. Values of 0 disable the feature, other values less than
65 are probably not supported. For RAID configurations, this is
typically set to 70,70 deciseconds.
devstat[,PAGE] - [ATA only] prints values and descriptions of
the ATA Device Statistics log pages (General Purpose Log address
0x04). If no PAGE number is specified, entries from all
supported pages are printed. If PAGE 0 is specified, the list
of supported pages is printed. Device Statistics was introduced
in ACS-2 and is only supported by some recent devices.
sataphy[,reset] - [SATA only] prints values and descriptions of
the SATA Phy Event Counters (General Purpose Log address 0x11).
If -l sataphy,reset is specified, all counters are reset after
reading the values. This also works for SATA devices with
Packet interface like CD/DVD drives.
sasphy[,reset] - [SAS (SCSI) only] prints values and
descriptions of the SAS (SSP) Protocol Specific log page (log
page 0x18). If -l sasphy,reset is specified, all counters are
reset after reading the values.
gplog,ADDR[,FIRST[-LAST|+SIZE]] - [ATA only] prints a hex dump
of any log accessible via General Purpose Logging (GPL) feature.
The log address ADDR is the hex address listed in the log
directory (see -l directory above). The range of log sectors
(pages) can be specified by decimal values FIRST-LAST or
FIRST+SIZE. FIRST defaults to 0, SIZE defaults to 1. LAST can
be set to max to specify the last page of the log.
smartlog,ADDR[,FIRST[-LAST|+SIZE]] - [ATA only] prints a hex
dump of any log accessible via SMART Read Log command. See -l
gplog,... above for parameter syntax.
For example, all these commands:
smartctl -l gplog,0x80,10-15 /dev/sda
smartctl -l gplog,0x80,10+6 /dev/sda
smartctl -l smartlog,0x80,10-15 /dev/sda
print pages 10-15 of log 0x80 (first host vendor specific log).
The hex dump format is compatible with the xxd -r command.
This command:
smartctl -l gplog,0x11 /dev/sda | grep ^0 | xxd -r >log.bin
writes a binary representation of the one sector log 0x11 (SATA
Phy Event Counters) to file log.bin.
nvmelog,PAGE,SIZE - [NVMe only] [FreeBSD, Linux, Windows and
Cygwin only] [NEW EXPERIMENTAL SMARTCTL FEATURE] prints a hex
dump of the first SIZE bytes from the NVMe log with identifier
PAGE. PAGE is a hexadecimal number in the range from 0x1 to
0xff. SIZE is a hexadecimal number in the range from 0x4 to
0x4000 (16 KiB). WARNING: Do not specify the identifier of an
unknown log page. Reading a log page may have undesirable side
effects.
ssd - [ATA] prints the Solid State Device Statistics log page.
This has the same effect as -l devstat,7, see above.
ssd - [SCSI] prints the Solid State Media percentage used
endurance indicator. A value of 0 indicates as new condition
while 100 indicates the device is at the end of its lifetime as
projected by the manufacturer. The value may reach 255.
-v ID,FORMAT[:BYTEORDER][,NAME],
--vendorattribute=ID,FORMAT[:BYTEORDER][,NAME]
[ATA only] Sets a vendor-specific raw value print FORMAT, an
optional BYTEORDER and an optional NAME for Attribute ID. This
option may be used multiple times.
The Attribute ID can be in the range 1 to 255. If N is
specified as ID, the settings for all Attributes are changed.
The optional BYTEORDER consists of 1 to 8 characters from the
set 012345rvwz. The characters 0 to 5 select the byte 0 to
5 from the 48-bit raw value, r selects the reserved byte of
the attribute data block, v selects the normalized value, w
selects the worst value and z inserts a zero byte. The
default BYTEORDER is 543210 for all 48-bit formats, r543210
for the 54-bit formats, and 543210wv for the 64-bit formats.
For example, -v 5,raw48:012345 prints the raw value of
attribute 5 with big endian instead of little endian byte
ordering.
The NAME is a string of letters, digits and underscore. Its
length should not exceed 23 characters. The -P showall option
reports an error if this is the case.
-v help - Prints (to STDOUT) a list of all valid arguments to
this option, then exits.
Valid arguments for FORMAT are:
raw8 - Print the Raw value as six 8-bit unsigned base-10
integers. This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the
Raw value.
raw16 - Print the Raw value as three 16-bit unsigned base-10
integers. This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the
Raw value.
raw48 - Print the Raw value as a 48-bit unsigned base-10
integer. This is the default for most attributes.
hex48 - Print the Raw value as a 12 digit hexadecimal number.
This may be useful for decoding the meaning of the Raw value.
raw56 - Print the Raw value as a 54-bit unsigned base-10
integer. This includes the reserved byte which follows the
48-bit raw value.
hex56 - Print the Raw value as a 14 digit hexadecimal number.
This includes the reserved byte which follows the 48-bit raw
value.
raw64 - Print the Raw value as a 64-bit unsigned base-10
integer. This includes two bytes from the normalized and worst
attribute value. This raw format is used by some SSD devices
with Indilinx controller.
hex64 - Print the Raw value as a 16 digit hexadecimal number.
This includes two bytes from the normalized and worst attribute
value. This raw format is used by some SSD devices with
Indilinx controller.
min2hour - Raw Attribute is power-on time in minutes. Its raw
value will be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym". Here X is hours,
and Y is minutes in the range 0-59 inclusive. Y is always
printed with two digits, for example "06" or "31" or "00".
sec2hour - Raw Attribute is power-on time in seconds. Its raw
value will be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym+Zs". Here X is
hours, Y is minutes in the range 0-59 inclusive, and Z is
seconds in the range 0-59 inclusive. Y and Z are always printed
with two digits, for example "06" or "31" or "00".
halfmin2hour - Raw Attribute is power-on time, measured in units
of 30 seconds. This format is used by some Samsung disks. Its
raw value will be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym". Here X is
hours, and Y is minutes in the range 0-59 inclusive. Y is
always printed with two digits, for example "06" or "31" or
"00".
msec24hour32 - Raw Attribute is power-on time measured in 32-bit
hours and 24-bit milliseconds since last hour update. It will
be displayed in the form "Xh+Ym+Z.Ms". Here X is hours, Y is
minutes, Z is seconds and M is milliseconds.
tempminmax - Raw Attribute is the disk temperature in Celsius.
Info about Min/Max temperature is printed if available. This is
the default for Attributes 190 and 194. The recording interval
(lifetime, last power cycle, last soft reset) of the min/max
values is device specific.
temp10x - Raw Attribute is ten times the disk temperature in
Celsius.
raw16(raw16) - Print the raw attribute as a 16-bit value and two
optional 16-bit values if these words are nonzero. This is the
default for Attributes 5 and 196.
raw16(avg16) - Raw attribute is spin-up time. It is printed as
a 16-bit value and an optional "Average" 16-bit value if the
word is nonzero. This is the default for Attribute 3.
raw24(raw8) - Print the raw attribute as a 24-bit value and
three optional 8-bit values if these bytes are nonzero. This is
the default for Attribute 9.
raw24/raw24 - Raw Attribute contains two 24-bit values. The
first is the number of load cycles. The second is the number of
unload cycles. The difference between these two values is the
number of times that the drive was unexpectedly powered off
(also called an emergency unload). As a rule of thumb, the
mechanical stress created by one emergency unload is equivalent
to that created by one hundred normal unloads.
raw24/raw32 - Raw attribute is an error rate which consists of a
24-bit error count and a 32-bit total count.
The following old arguments to -v are also still valid:
9,minutes - same as: 9,min2hour,Power_On_Minutes.
9,seconds - same as: 9,sec2hour,Power_On_Seconds.
9,halfminutes - same as: 9,halfmin2hour,Power_On_Half_Minutes.
9,temp - same as: 9,tempminmax,Temperature_Celsius.
192,emergencyretractcyclect - same as:
192,raw48,Emerg_Retract_Cycle_Ct
193,loadunload - same as: 193,raw24/raw24.
194,10xCelsius - same as: 194,temp10x,Temperature_Celsius_x10.
194,unknown - same as: 194,raw48,Unknown_Attribute.
197,increasing - same as: 197,raw48,Total_Pending_Sectors. Also
means that Attribute number 197 (Current Pending Sector Count)
is not reset if uncorrectable sectors are reallocated (see
smartd.conf(5) man page).
198,increasing - same as: 198,raw48,Total_Offl_Uncorrectabl.
Also means that Attribute number 198 (Offline Uncorrectable
Sector Count) is not reset if uncorrectable sectors are
reallocated (see smartd.conf(5) man page).
198,offlinescanuncsectorct - same as:
198,raw48,Offline_Scan_UNC_SectCt.
200,writeerrorcount - same as: 200,raw48,Write_Error_Count.
201,detectedtacount - same as: 201,raw48,Detected_TA_Count.
220,temp - same as: 220,tempminmax,Temperature_Celsius.
-F TYPE, --firmwarebug=TYPE
[ATA only] Modifies the behavior of smartctl to compensate for
some known and understood device firmware or driver bug. This
option may be used multiple times. The valid arguments are:
none - Assume that the device firmware obeys the ATA
specifications. This is the default, unless the device has
presets for -F in the drive database. Using this option on
the command line will override any preset values.
nologdir - Suppresses read attempts of SMART or GP Log
Directory. Support for all standard logs is assumed without an
actual check. Some Intel SSDs may freeze if log address 0 is
read.
samsung - In some Samsung disks (example: model SV4012H Firmware
Version: RM100-08) some of the two- and four-byte quantities in
the SMART data structures are byte-swapped (relative to the ATA
specification). Enabling this option tells smartctl to evaluate
these quantities in byte-reversed order. Some signs that your
disk needs this option are (1) no self-test log printed, even
though you have run self-tests; (2) very large numbers of ATA
errors reported in the ATA error log; (3) strange and impossible
values for the ATA error log timestamps.
samsung2 - In some Samsung disks the number of ATA errors
reported is byte swapped. Enabling this option tells smartctl
to evaluate this quantity in byte-reversed order. An indication
that your Samsung disk needs this option is that the self-test
log is printed correctly, but there are a very large number of
errors in the SMART error log. This is because the error count
is byte swapped. Thus a disk with five errors (0x0005) will
appear to have 20480 errors (0x5000).
samsung3 - Some Samsung disks (at least SP2514N with Firmware
VF100-37) report a self-test still in progress with 0% remaining
when the test was already completed. Enabling this option
modifies the output of the self-test execution status (see
options -c or -a above) accordingly.
xerrorlba - Fixes LBA byte ordering in Extended Comprehensive
SMART error log. Some disks use little endian byte ordering
instead of ATA register ordering to specifiy the LBA addresses
in the log entries.
swapid - Fixes byte swapped ATA identify strings (device name,
serial number, firmware version) returned by some buggy device
drivers.
-P TYPE, --presets=TYPE
[ATA only] Specifies whether smartctl should use any preset
options that are available for this drive. By default, if the
drive is recognized in the smartmontools database, then the
presets are used.
The argument show will show any preset options for your drive
and the argument showall will show all known drives in the
smartmontools database, along with their preset options. If
there are no presets for your drive and you think there should
be (for example, a -v or -F option is needed to get smartctl to
display correct values) then please contact the smartmontools
developers so that this information can be added to the
smartmontools database. Contact information is at the end of
this man page.
The valid arguments to this option are:
use - if a drive is recognized, then use the stored presets for
it. This is the default. Note that presets will NOT override
additional Attribute interpretation (-v N,something) command-
line options or explicit -F command-line options..
ignore - do not use presets.
show - show if the drive is recognized in the database, and if
so, its presets, then exit.
showall - list all recognized drives, and the presets that are
set for them, then exit. This also checks the drive database
regular expressions and settings for syntax errors.
The -P showall option takes up to two optional arguments to
match a specific drive type and firmware version. The command:
smartctl -P showall
lists all entries, the command:
smartctl -P showall MODEL
lists all entries matching MODEL, and the command:
smartctl -P showall MODEL FIRMWARE
lists all entries for this MODEL and a specific FIRMWARE
version.
-B [+]FILE, --drivedb=[+]FILE
[ATA only] Read the drive database from FILE. The new database
replaces the built in database by default. If + is specified,
then the new entries prepend the built in entries.
Optional entries are read from the file /etc/smart_drivedb.h if
this option is not specified.
If /var/lib/smartmontools/drivedb/drivedb.h is present, the
contents of this file is used instead of the built in table.
Run /usr/sbin/update-smart-drivedb to update this file from the
smartmontools SVN repository.
The database files use the same C/C++ syntax that is used to
initialize the built in database array. C/C++ style comments are
allowed. Example:
/* Full entry: */
{
"Model family", // Info about model family/series.
"MODEL1.*REGEX", // Regular expression to match model of device.
"VERSION.*REGEX", // Regular expression to match firmware version(s).
"Some warning", // Warning message.
"-v 9,minutes" // String of preset -v and -F options.
},
/* Minimal entry: */
{
"", // No model family/series info.
"MODEL2.*REGEX", // Regular expression to match model of device.
"", // All firmware versions.
"", // No warning.
"" // No options preset.
},
/* USB ID entry: */
{
"USB: Device; Bridge", // Info about USB device and bridge name.
"0x1234:0xabcd", // Regular expression to match vendor:product ID.
"0x0101", // Regular expression to match bcdDevice.
"", // Not used.
"-d sat" // String with device type option.
},
/* ... */
SMART RUN/ABORT OFFLINE TEST AND self-test OPTIONS:
-t TEST, --test=TEST
Executes TEST immediately. The -C option can be used in
conjunction with this option to run the short or long (and also
for ATA devices, selective or conveyance) self-tests in captive
mode (known as "foreground mode" for SCSI devices). Note that
only one test type can be run at a time, so only one test type
should be specified per command line. Note also that if a
computer is shutdown or power cycled during a self-test, no harm
should result. The self-test will either be aborted or will
resume automatically.
All -t TEST commands can be given during normal system
operation unless captive mode (-C option) is used. A running
self-test can, however, degrade performance of the drive.
Frequent I/O requests from the operating system increase the
duration of a test. These impacts may vary from device to
device.
If a test failure occurs then the device may discontinue the
testing and report the result immediately.
The valid arguments to this option are:
offline - [ATA] runs SMART Immediate Offline Test. This
immediately starts the test described above. This command can
be given during normal system operation. The effects of this
test are visible only in that it updates the SMART Attribute
values, and if errors are found they will appear in the SMART
error log, visible with the -l error option.
If the -c option to smartctl shows that the device has the
"Suspend Offline collection upon new command" capability then
you can track the progress of the Immediate Offline test using
the -c option to smartctl. If the -c option show that the
device has the "Abort Offline collection upon new command"
capability then most commands will abort the Immediate Offline
Test, so you should not try to track the progress of the test
with -c, as it will abort the test.
offline - [SCSI] runs the default self test in foreground. No
entry is placed in the self test log.
short - [ATA] runs SMART Short Self Test (usually under ten
minutes). This command can be given during normal system
operation (unless run in captive mode - see the -C option
below). This is a test in a different category than the
immediate or automatic offline tests. The "Self" tests check
the electrical and mechanical performance as well as the read
performance of the disk. Their results are reported in the Self
Test Error Log, readable with the -l selftest option. Note
that on some disks the progress of the self-test can be
monitored by watching this log during the self-test; with other
disks use the -c option to monitor progress.
short - [SCSI] runs the "Background short" self-test.
long - [ATA] runs SMART Extended Self Test (tens of minutes).
This is a longer and more thorough version of the Short Self
Test described above. Note that this command can be given
during normal system operation (unless run in captive mode - see
the -C option below).
long - [SCSI] runs the "Background long" self-test.
conveyance - [ATA only] runs a SMART Conveyance Self Test
(minutes). This self-test routine is intended to identify
damage incurred during transporting of the device. This self-
test routine should take on the order of minutes to complete.
Note that this command can be given during normal system
operation (unless run in captive mode - see the -C option
below).
select,N-M, select,N+SIZE - [ATA only] runs a SMART Selective
Self Test, to test a range of disk Logical Block Addresses
(LBAs), rather than the entire disk. Each range of LBAs that is
checked is called a "span" and is specified by a starting LBA
(N) and an ending LBA (M) with N less than or equal to M. The
range can also be specified as N+SIZE. A span at the end of a
disk can be specified by N-max.
For example the commands:
smartctl -t select,10-20 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,10+11 /dev/sda
both runs a self test on one span consisting of LBAs ten to
twenty (inclusive). The command:
smartctl -t select,100000000-max /dev/sda
run a self test from LBA 100000000 up to the end of the disk.
The -t option can be given up to five times, to test up to
five spans. For example the command:
smartctl -t select,0-100 -t select,1000-2000 /dev/sda
runs a self test on two spans. The first span consists of 101
LBAs and the second span consists of 1001 LBAs. Note that the
spans can overlap partially or completely, for example:
smartctl -t select,0-10 -t select,5-15 -t select,10-20 /dev/sda
The results of the selective self-test can be obtained (both
during and after the test) by printing the SMART self-test log,
using the -l selftest option to smartctl.
Selective self tests are particularly useful as disk capacities
increase: an extended self test (smartctl -t long) can take
several hours. Selective self-tests are helpful if (based on
SYSLOG error messages, previous failed self-tests, or SMART
error log entries) you suspect that a disk is having problems at
a particular range of Logical Block Addresses (LBAs).
Selective self-tests can be run during normal system operation
(unless done in captive mode - see the -C option below).
The following variants of the selective self-test command use
spans based on the ranges from past tests already stored on the
disk:
select,redo[+SIZE] - [ATA only] redo the last SMART Selective
Self Test using the same LBA range. The starting LBA is
identical to the LBA used by last test, same for ending LBA
unless a new span size is specified by optional +SIZE argument.
For example the commands:
smartctl -t select,10-20 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,redo /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,redo+20 /dev/sda
have the same effect as:
smartctl -t select,10-20 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,10-20 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,10-29 /dev/sda
select,next[+SIZE] - [ATA only] runs a SMART Selective Self Test
on the LBA range which follows the range of the last test. The
starting LBA is set to (ending LBA +1) of the last test. A new
span size may be specified by the optional +SIZE argument.
For example the commands:
smartctl -t select,0-999 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,next /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,next+2000 /dev/sda
have the same effect as:
smartctl -t select,0-999 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,1000-1999 /dev/sda
smartctl -t select,2000-3999 /dev/sda
If the last test ended at the last LBA of the disk, the new
range starts at LBA 0. The span size of the last span of a disk
is adjusted such that the total number of spans to check the
full disk will not be changed by future uses of -t
select,next.
select,cont[+SIZE] - [ATA only] performs a redo (above) if the
self test status reports that the last test was aborted by the
host. Otherwise it run the next (above) test.
afterselect,on - [ATA only] perform an offline read scan after a
Selective self-test has completed. This option must be used
together with one or more of the select,N-M options above. If
the LBAs that have been specified in the Selective self-test
pass the test with no errors found, then read scan the remainder
of the disk. If the device is powered-cycled while this read
scan is in progress, the read scan will be automatically resumed
after a time specified by the pending timer (see below). The
value of this option is preserved between selective self-tests.
afterselect,off - [ATA only] do not read scan the remainder of
the disk after a Selective self-test has completed. This option
must be use together with one or more of the select,N-M options
above. The value of this option is preserved between selective
self-tests.
pending,N - [ATA only] set the pending offline read scan timer
to N minutes. Here N is an integer in the range from 0 to 65535
inclusive. If the device is powered off during a read scan
after a Selective self-test, then resume the test automatically
N minutes after power-up. This option must be use together with
one or more of the select,N-M options above. The value of this
option is preserved between selective self-tests.
vendor,N - [ATA only] issues the ATA command SMART EXECUTE OFF-
LINE IMMEDIATE with subcommand N in LBA LOW register. The
subcommand is specified as a hex value in the range 0x00 to
0xff. Subcommands 0x40-0x7e and 0x90-0xff are reserved for
vendor specific use, see table 61 of T13/1699-D Revision 6a
(ATA8-ACS). Note that the subcommands 0x00-0x04,0x7f,0x81-0x84
are supported by other smartctl options (e.g. 0x01: -t short,
0x7f: -X, 0x82: -C -t long).
WARNING: Only run subcommands documented by the vendor of the
device.
Example for some Intel SSDs only: The subcommand 0x40 (-t
vendor,0x40) clears the timed workload related SMART attributes
(226, 227, 228). Note that the raw values of these attributes
are held at 65535 (0xffff) until the workload timer reaches 60
minutes.
force - start new self-test even if another test is already
running. By default a running self-test will not be interrupted
to begin another test.
-C, --captive
[ATA] Runs self-tests in captive mode. This has no effect with
-t offline or if the -t option is not used.
WARNING: Tests run in captive mode may busy out the drive for
the length of the test. Only run captive tests on drives
without any mounted partitions!
[SCSI] Runs the self-test in "Foreground" mode.
-X, --abort
Aborts non-captive SMART Self Tests. Note that this command
will abort the Offline Immediate Test routine only if your disk
has the "Abort Offline collection upon new command" capability.
ATA, SCSI command sets and SAT
In the past there has been a clear distinction between storage devices that used the ATA and SCSI command sets. This distinction was often reflected in their device naming and hardware. Now various SCSI transports (e.g. SAS, FC and iSCSI) can interconnect to both SCSI disks (e.g. FC and SAS) and ATA disks (especially SATA). USB and IEEE 1394 storage devices use the SCSI command set externally but almost always contain ATA or SATA disks (or flash). The storage subsystems in some operating systems have started to remove the distinction between ATA and SCSI in their device naming policies. 99% of operations that an OS performs on a disk involve the SCSI INQUIRY, READ CAPACITY, READ and WRITE commands, or their ATA equivalents. Since the SCSI commands are slightly more general than their ATA equivalents, many OSes are generating SCSI commands (mainly READ and WRITE) and letting a lower level translate them to their ATA equivalents as the need arises. An important note here is that "lower level" may be in external equipment and hence outside the control of an OS. SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) is a standard (ANSI INCITS 431-2007) that specifies how this translation is done. For the other 1% of operations that an OS performs on a disk, SAT provides two options. First is an optional ATA PASS-THROUGH SCSI command (there are two variants). The second is a translation from the closest SCSI command. Most current interest is in the "pass-through" option. The relevance to smartmontools (and hence smartctl) is that its interactions with disks fall solidly into the "1%" category. So even if the OS can happily treat (and name) a disk as "SCSI", smartmontools needs to detect the native command set and act accordingly. As more storage manufacturers (including external SATA drives) comply with SAT, smartmontools is able to automatically distinguish the native command set of the device. In some cases the '-d sat' option is needed on the command line. There are also virtual disks which typically have no useful information to convey to smartmontools, but could conceivably in the future. An example of a virtual disk is the OS's view of a RAID 1 box. There are most likely two SATA disks inside a RAID 1 box. Addressing those SATA disks from a distant OS is a challenge for smartmontools. Another approach is running a tool like smartmontools inside the RAID 1 box (e.g. a Network Attached Storage (NAS) box) and fetching the logs via a browser.
EXAMPLES
smartctl -a /dev/sda Print a large amount of SMART information for drive /dev/sda . smartctl -s off /dev/sdd Disable SMART monitoring and data log collection on drive /dev/sdd . smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/sda Enable SMART on drive /dev/sda, enable automatic offline testing every four hours, and enable autosaving of SMART Attributes. This is a good start-up line for your systems init files. You can issue this command on a running system. smartctl -t long /dev/sdc Begin an extended self-test of drive /dev/sdc. You can issue this command on a running system. The results can be seen in the self-test log visible with the -l selftest option after it has completed. smartctl -s on -t offline /dev/sda Enable SMART on the disk, and begin an immediate offline test of drive /dev/sda. You can issue this command on a running system. The results are only used to update the SMART Attributes, visible with the -A option. If any device errors occur, they are logged to the SMART error log, which can be seen with the -l error option. smartctl -A -v 9,minutes /dev/sda Shows the vendor Attributes, when the disk stores its power-on time internally in minutes rather than hours. smartctl -q errorsonly -H -l selftest /dev/sda Produces output only if the device returns failing SMART status, or if some of the logged self-tests ended with errors. smartctl -q silent -a /dev/sda Examine all SMART data for device /dev/sda, but produce no printed output. You must use the exit status (the $? shell variable) to learn if any Attributes are out of bound, if the SMART status is failing, if there are errors recorded in the self-test log, or if there are errors recorded in the disk error log. smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/sda Examine all SMART data for the first ATA disk connected to a 3ware RAID controller card. smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twe0 Examine all SMART data for the first ATA disk connected to a 3ware RAID 6000/7000/8000 controller card. smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twa0 Examine all SMART data for the first ATA disk connected to a 3ware RAID 9000 controller card. smartctl -a -d 3ware,0 /dev/twl0 Examine all SMART data for the first SATA (not SAS) disk connected to a 3ware RAID 9750 controller card. smartctl -t short -d 3ware,3 /dev/sdb Start a short self-test on the fourth ATA disk connected to the 3ware RAID controller card which is the second SCSI device /dev/sdb. smartctl -t long -d areca,4 /dev/sg2 Start a long self-test on the fourth SATA disk connected to an Areca RAID controller addressed by /dev/sg2. smartctl -a -d hpt,1/3 /dev/sda (under Linux) smartctl -a -d hpt,1/3 /dev/hptrr (under FreeBSD) Examine all SMART data for the (S)ATA disk directly connected to the third channel of the first HighPoint RocketRAID controller card. smartctl -t short -d hpt,1/1/2 /dev/sda (under Linux) smartctl -t short -d hpt,1/1/2 /dev/hptrr (under FreeBSD) Start a short self-test on the (S)ATA disk connected to second pmport on the first channel of the first HighPoint RocketRAID controller card. smartctl -t select,10-100 -t select,30-300 -t afterselect,on -t pending,45 /dev/sda Run a selective self-test on LBAs 10 to 100 and 30 to 300. After the these LBAs have been tested, read-scan the remainder of the disk. If the disk is power-cycled during the read-scan, resume the scan 45 minutes after power to the device is restored. smartctl -a -d cciss,0 /dev/cciss/c0d0 Examine all SMART data for the first SCSI disk connected to a cciss RAID controller card.
EXIT STATUS
The exit statuses of smartctl are defined by a bitmask. If all is well
with the disk, the exit status (return value) of smartctl is 0 (all
bits turned off). If a problem occurs, or an error, potential error,
or fault is detected, then a non-zero status is returned. In this
case, the eight different bits in the exit status have the following
meanings for ATA disks; some of these values may also be returned for
SCSI disks.
Bit 0: Command line did not parse.
Bit 1: Device open failed, device did not return an IDENTIFY DEVICE
structure, or device is in a low-power mode (see -n option
above).
Bit 2: Some SMART or other ATA command to the disk failed, or there was
a checksum error in a SMART data structure (see -b option
above).
Bit 3: SMART status check returned "DISK FAILING".
Bit 4: We found prefail Attributes <= threshold.
Bit 5: SMART status check returned "DISK OK" but we found that some
(usage or prefail) Attributes have been <= threshold at some
time in the past.
Bit 6: The device error log contains records of errors.
Bit 7: The device self-test log contains records of errors. [ATA only]
Failed self-tests outdated by a newer successful extended self-
test are ignored.
To test within the shell for whether or not the different bits are
turned on or off, you can use the following type of construction (which
should work with any POSIX compatible shell):
smartstat=$(($? & 8))
This looks at only at bit 3 of the exit status $? (since 8=2^3). The
shell variable $smartstat will be nonzero if SMART status check
returned "disk failing" and zero otherwise.
This shell script prints all status bits:
val=$?; mask=1
for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
echo "Bit $i: $(((val & mask) && 1))"
mask=$((mask << 1))
done
FILES
/usr/sbin/smartctl
full path of this executable.
/var/lib/smartmontools/drivedb/drivedb.h
drive database (see -B option).
/etc/smart_drivedb.h
optional local drive database (see -B option).
AUTHORS
Bruce Allen (project initiator), Christian Franke (project manager, Windows port and all sort of things), Douglas Gilbert (SCSI subsystem), Volker Kuhlmann (moderator of support and database mailing list), Gabriele Pohl (wiki & development team support), Alex Samorukov (FreeBSD port and more, new Trac wiki). Many other individuals have made contributions and corrections, see AUTHORS, ChangeLog and repository files. The first smartmontools code was derived from the smartsuite package, written by Michael Cornwell and Andre Hedrick.
REPORTING BUGS
To submit a bug report, create a ticket in smartmontools wiki: <http://www.smartmontools.org/>. Alternatively send the info to the smartmontools support mailing list: <https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/smartmontools-support>.
SEE ALSO
smartd(8). update-smart-drivedb(8).
REFERENCES
Please see the following web site for more info: http://www.smartmontools.org/ An introductory article about smartmontools is Monitoring Hard Disks with SMART, by Bruce Allen, Linux Journal, January 2004, pages 74-77. This is http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6983 online. If you would like to understand better how SMART works, and what it does, a good place to start is with Sections 4.8 and 6.54 of the first volume of the AT Attachment with Packet Interface-7 (ATA/ATAPI-7) specification Revision 4b. This documents the SMART functionality which the smartmontools utilities provide access to. The functioning of SMART was originally defined by the SFF-8035i revision 2 and the SFF-8055i revision 1.4 specifications. These are publications of the Small Form Factors (SFF) Committee. Links to these and other documents may be found on the Links page of the smartmontools Wiki at http://www.smartmontools.org/wiki/Links .
PACKAGE VERSION
smartmontools-6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 $Id: smartctl.8.in 4311 2016-04-27 21:03:01Z chrfranke $
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Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
