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tail(1)


NAME

   tail - output the last part of files

SYNOPSIS

   tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

   Print  the  last  10  lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more
   than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.

   With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

   Mandatory arguments to long options are  mandatory  for  short  options
   too.

   -c, --bytes=[+]NUM
          output  the  last  NUM  bytes; or use -c +NUM to output starting
          with byte NUM of each file

   -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
          output appended data as the file grows;

          an absent option argument means 'descriptor'

   -F     same as --follow=name --retry

   -n, --lines=[+]NUM
          output the last NUM lines, instead of the last  10;  or  use  -n
          +NUM to output starting with line NUM

   --max-unchanged-stats=N
          with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not

          changed  size  after  N  (default 5) iterations to see if it has
          been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated  log
          files); with inotify, this option is rarely useful

   --pid=PID
          with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies

   -q, --quiet, --silent
          never output headers giving file names

   --retry
          keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible

   -s, --sleep-interval=N
          with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between
          iterations; with inotify and --pid=P, check process P  at  least
          once every N seconds

   -v, --verbose
          always output headers giving file names

   -z, --zero-terminated
          line delimiter is NUL, not newline

   --help display this help and exit

   --version
          output version information and exit

   NUM may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000,
   M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for  T,  P,
   E, Z, Y.

   With  --follow  (-f),  tail  defaults to following the file descriptor,
   which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will  continue
   to  track  its  end.   This  default behavior is not desirable when you
   really want to track  the  actual  name  of  the  file,  not  the  file
   descriptor (e.g., log rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.  That
   causes tail to  track  the  named  file  in  a  way  that  accommodates
   renaming, removal and creation.

AUTHOR

   Written  by  Paul  Rubin,  David  MacKenzie,  Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim
   Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS

   GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
   Report tail translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

   Copyright  2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU
   GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
   This  is  free  software:  you  are free to change and redistribute it.
   There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

   head(1)

   Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/tail>
   or available locally via: info '(coreutils) tail invocation'



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