Xorg(1)


NAME

   Xorg - X11R7 X server

SYNOPSIS

   Xorg [:display] [option ...]

DESCRIPTION

   Xorg  is a full featured X server that was originally designed for UNIX
   and UNIX-like operating systems running on Intel x86 hardware.  It  now
   runs on a wider range of hardware and OS platforms.

   This  work  was  derived  by  the  X.Org  Foundation  from  the XFree86
   Project's XFree86 4.4rc2 release.  The XFree86 release  was  originally
   derived from X386 1.2 by Thomas Roell which was contributed to X11R5 by
   Snitily Graphics Consulting Service.

PLATFORMS

   Xorg operates under a wide range  of  operating  systems  and  hardware
   platforms.   The  Intel  x86  (IA32)  architecture  is  the most widely
   supported hardware platform.  Other hardware platforms  include  Compaq
   Alpha, Intel IA64, AMD64, SPARC and PowerPC.  The most widely supported
   operating systems are the free/OpenSource  UNIX-like  systems  such  as
   Linux,   FreeBSD,   NetBSD,  OpenBSD,  and  Solaris.   Commercial  UNIX
   operating systems such as UnixWare are also supported.  Other supported
   operating  systems  include  GNU  Hurd.  Mac OS X is supported with the
   Xquartz(1) X server.  Win32/Cygwin is  supported  with  the  XWin(1)  X
   server.

NETWORK CONNECTIONS

   Xorg  supports  connections  made  using  the  following reliable byte-
   streams:

   Local
       On most platforms, the "Local" connection  type  is  a  UNIX-domain
       socket.   On  some System V platforms, the "local" connection types
       also include STREAMS pipes, named pipes, and some other mechanisms.
       See the "LOCAL CONNECTIONS" section of X(7) for details.

   TCP/IP
       Xorg  listens  on port 6000+n, where n is the display number.  This
       connection type is usually disabled by default, but may be  enabled
       with the -listen option (see the Xserver(1) man page for details).

OPTIONS

   Xorg  supports several mechanisms for supplying/obtaining configuration
   and run-time parameters: command line options,  environment  variables,
   the  xorg.conf(5)  configuration  files,  auto-detection,  and fallback
   defaults.  When the same information is supplied in more than one  way,
   the  highest  precedence  mechanism is used.  The list of mechanisms is
   ordered  from  highest  precedence  to  lowest.   Note  that  not   all
   parameters can be supplied via all methods.  The available command line
   options and environment variables (and  some  defaults)  are  described
   here  and  in  the  Xserver(1)  manual  page.   Most configuration file
   parameters, with their defaults,  are  described  in  the  xorg.conf(5)
   manual  page.   Driver and module specific configuration parameters are
   described in the relevant driver or module manual page.

   In addition to the normal server options described  in  the  Xserver(1)
   manual page, Xorg accepts the following command line switches:

   vtXX    XX specifies the Virtual Terminal device number which Xorg will
           use.  Without this option, Xorg will pick the  first  available
           Virtual  Terminal that it can locate.  This option applies only
           to platforms that have virtual terminal support, such as Linux,
           BSD, OpenSolaris, SVR3, and SVR4.

   -allowMouseOpenFail
           Allow  the server to start up even if the mouse device can't be
           opened   or   initialised.    This   is   equivalent   to   the
           AllowMouseOpenFail xorg.conf(5) file option.

   -allowNonLocalXvidtune
           Make  the  VidMode extension available to remote clients.  This
           allows the xvidtune client to connect from another host.   This
           is  equivalent  to  the AllowNonLocalXvidtune xorg.conf(5) file
           option.  By default non-local connections are not allowed.

   -bgamma value
           Set the blue gamma correction.  value must be between  0.1  and
           10.   The  default  is 1.0.  Not all drivers support this.  See
           also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -ggamma options.

   -bpp n  No longer supported.  Use -depth to set the  color  depth,  and
           use   -fbbpp   if  you  really  need  to  force  a  non-default
           framebuffer (hardware) pixel format.

   -config file
           Read the server configuration from file.  This option will work
           for any file when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-uid
           0), or for files relative to a directory in the  config  search
           path for all other users.

   -configdir directory
           Read  the  server  configuration  files  from  directory.  This
           option will work for any directory when the server  is  run  as
           root  (i.e,  with real-uid 0), or for directories relative to a
           directory in the config directory search  path  for  all  other
           users.

   -configure
           When  this option is specified, the Xorg server loads all video
           driver modules, probes for available hardware, and  writes  out
           an  initial xorg.conf(5) file based on what was detected.  This
           option currently has some problems on some  platforms,  but  in
           most  cases  it  is  a  good way to bootstrap the configuration
           process.  This option is only available when the server is  run
           as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

   -crt /dev/ttyXX
           SCO  only.   This is the same as the vt option, and is provided
           for compatibility with the native SCO X server.

   -depth n
           Sets the default color depth.  Legal values are 1,  4,  8,  15,
           16, and 24.  Not all drivers support all values.

   -disableVidMode
           Disable  the  parts  of  the  VidMode  extension  (used  by the
           xvidtune client) that can be used to change  the  video  modes.
           This  is equivalent to the DisableVidModeExtension xorg.conf(5)
           file option.

   -fbbpp n
           Sets the number of framebuffer bits per pixel.  You should only
           set this if you're sure it's necessary; normally the server can
           deduce the correct value from -depth above.  Useful if you want
           to  run  a  depth  24  configuration  with a 24 bpp framebuffer
           rather than the (possibly default) 32 bpp framebuffer (or  vice
           versa).   Legal  values  are 1, 8, 16, 24, 32.  Not all drivers
           support all values.

   -flipPixels
           Swap the default values for the black and white pixels.

   -gamma value
           Set the gamma correction.  value must be between  0.1  and  10.
           The  default is 1.0.  This value is applied equally to the R, G
           and B values.  Those values can be set independently  with  the
           -rgamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma options.  Not all drivers support
           this.

   -ggamma value
           Set the green gamma correction.  value must be between 0.1  and
           10.   The  default  is 1.0.  Not all drivers support this.  See
           also the -gamma, -rgamma, and -bgamma options.

   -ignoreABI
           The Xorg server checks the ABI revision levels of  each  module
           that  it  loads.   It will normally refuse to load modules with
           ABI revisions that  are  newer  than  the  server's.   This  is
           because  such modules might use interfaces that the server does
           not have.  When this option is specified, mismatches like  this
           are  downgraded  from  fatal  errors  to warnings.  This option
           should be used with care.

   -isolateDevice bus-id
           Restrict device resets to the device  at  bus-id.   The  bus-id
           string   has   the   form   bustype:bus:device:function  (e.g.,
           'PCI:1:0:0').  At present, only isolation  of  PCI  devices  is
           supported;  i.e., this option is ignored if bustype is anything
           other than 'PCI'.

   -keeptty
           Prevent the  server  from  detaching  its  initial  controlling
           terminal.  If  you  want  to use systemd-logind integration you
           must specify this option.  Not all platforms  support  (or  can
           use) this option.

   -keyboard keyboard-name
           Use  the xorg.conf(5) file InputDevice section called keyboard-
           name as the core keyboard.  This option  is  ignored  when  the
           Layout  section  specifies  a core keyboard.  In the absence of
           both a Layout section  and  this  option,  the  first  relevant
           InputDevice section is used for the core keyboard.

   -layout layout-name
           Use  the  xorg.conf(5)  file Layout section called layout-name.
           By default the first Layout section is used.

   -logfile filename
           Use the file called filename as the Xorg server log file.   The
           default  log  file  when running as root is /var/log/Xorg.n.log
           and for non root it is $XDG_DATA_HOME/xorg/Xorg.n.log  where  n
           is  the  display number of the Xorg server.  The default may be
           in a different directory on some  platforms.   This  option  is
           only  available when the server is run as root (i.e, with real-
           uid 0).

   -logverbose [n]
           Sets the verbosity level for information printed  to  the  Xorg
           server   log  file.   If  the  n  value  isn't  supplied,  each
           occurrence of this option increments  the  log  file  verbosity
           level.   When  the  n value is supplied, the log file verbosity
           level is set to that value.  The  default  log  file  verbosity
           level is 3.

   -modulepath searchpath
           Set  the  module  search  path  to searchpath.  searchpath is a
           comma separated list of directories to search for  Xorg  server
           modules.   This option is only available when the server is run
           as root (i.e, with real-uid 0).

   -nosilk Disable Silken Mouse support.

   -novtswitch
           Disable the automatic switching on X server reset and  shutdown
           to the VT that was active when the server started, if supported
           by the OS.

   -pixmap24
           Set the internal pixmap format for depth 24 pixmaps to 24  bits
           per pixel.  The default is usually 32 bits per pixel.  There is
           normally  little  reason  to  use  this  option.   Some  client
           applications don't like this pixmap format, even though it is a
           perfectly legal format.   This  is  equivalent  to  the  Pixmap
           xorg.conf(5) file option.

   -pixmap32
           Set  the internal pixmap format for depth 24 pixmaps to 32 bits
           per pixel.  This is usually the default.  This is equivalent to
           the Pixmap xorg.conf(5) file option.

   -pointer pointer-name
           Use  the  xorg.conf(5) file InputDevice section called pointer-
           name as the core pointer.  This  option  is  ignored  when  the
           Layout  section  specifies  a  core pointer.  In the absence of
           both a Layout section  and  this  option,  the  first  relevant
           InputDevice section is used for the core pointer.

   -quiet  Suppress most informational messages at startup.  The verbosity
           level is set to zero.

   -rgamma value
           Set the red gamma correction.  value must be  between  0.1  and
           10.   The  default  is 1.0.  Not all drivers support this.  See
           also the -gamma, -bgamma, and -ggamma options.

   -sharevts
           Share virtual terminals with another X server, if supported  by
           the OS.

   -screen screen-name
           Use  the  xorg.conf(5)  file Screen section called screen-name.
           By default the screens referenced by the default Layout section
           are  used, or the first Screen section when there are no Layout
           sections.

   -showconfig
           This is the same as the -version option, and  is  included  for
           compatibility  reasons.  It may be removed in a future release,
           so the -version option should be used instead.

   -showDefaultModulePath
           Print out the default module path the server was compiled with.

   -showDefaultLibPath
           Print out the path libraries should be installed to.

   -showopts
           For each driver module installed, print out the list of options
           and their argument types.

   -weight nnn
           Set RGB weighting at 16 bpp.  The default is 565.  This applies
           only to those drivers which support 16 bpp.

   -verbose [n]
           Sets the verbosity level for information printed on stderr.  If
           the  n  value  isn't  supplied,  each occurrence of this option
           increments the verbosity level.  When the n value is  supplied,
           the  verbosity  level  is  set  to  that  value.   The  default
           verbosity level is 0.

   -version
           Print out the server version,  patchlevel,  release  date,  the
           operating  system/platform  it  was  built  on,  and whether it
           includes module loader support.

KEYBOARD

   The Xorg server is normally configured  to  recognize  various  special
   combinations  of  key  presses that instruct the server to perform some
   action, rather than just sending  the  key  press  event  to  a  client
   application.  These  actions  depend  on  the  XKB  keymap  loaded by a
   particular keyboard device and may or may not be available on  a  given
   configuration.

   The  following  key  combinations  are  commonly  part  of  the default
   XKEYBOARD keymap.

   Ctrl+Alt+Backspace
           Immediately kills the server -- no questions asked. It  can  be
           disabled  by  setting the DontZap xorg.conf(5) file option to a
           TRUE value.

           It  should  be  noted  that  zapping  is   triggered   by   the
           Terminate_Server action in the keyboard map. This action is not
           part of the default keymaps but can be  enabled  with  the  XKB
           option "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp".

   Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Plus
           Change  video  mode  to next one specified in the configuration
           file.  This can be disabled with the DontZoom xorg.conf(5) file
           option.

   Ctrl+Alt+Keypad-Minus
           Change   video   mode   to   previous   one  specified  in  the
           configuration file.  This can be  disabled  with  the  DontZoom
           xorg.conf(5) file option.

   Ctrl+Alt+F1...F12
           For  systems  with  virtual  terminal  support, these keystroke
           combinations are used to switch to virtual terminals 1  through
           12,  respectively.   This can be disabled with the DontVTSwitch
           xorg.conf(5) file option.

CONFIGURATION

   Xorg  typically  uses  a  configuration  file  called   xorg.conf   and
   configuration  files  with  the  suffix  .conf  in  a  directory called
   xorg.conf.d for its initial setup.  Refer to  the  xorg.conf(5)  manual
   page for information about the format of this file.

   Xorg   has   a   mechanism  for  automatically  generating  a  built-in
   configuration at run-time when no xorg.conf file or  xorg.conf.d  files
   are  present.   The  current  version  of  this automatic configuration
   mechanism works in two ways.

   The first is via enhancements that have made  many  components  of  the
   xorg.conf  file  optional.   This  means  that  information that can be
   probed or reasonably deduced doesn't need to be  specified  explicitly,
   greatly  reducing the amount of built-in configuration information that
   needs to be generated at run-time.

   The  second  is  to  have  "safe"  fallbacks  for  most   configuration
   information.   This  maximises the likelihood that the Xorg server will
   start up in some usable configuration even when information  about  the
   specific hardware is not available.

   The  automatic  configuration support for Xorg is work in progress.  It
   is currently aimed at the most popular hardware and software  platforms
   supported by Xorg.  Enhancements are planned for future releases.

FILES

   The  Xorg  server  config  files  can be found in a range of locations.
   These are documented fully in the xorg.conf(5) manual page.   The  most
   commonly used locations are shown here.

   /etc/X11/xorg.conf            Server configuration file.

   /etc/X11/xorg.conf-4          Server configuration file.

   /etc/xorg.conf                Server configuration file.

   /usr/etc/xorg.conf            Server configuration file.

   /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf        Server configuration file.

   /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d          Server configuration directory.

   /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d-4        Server configuration directory.

   /etc/xorg.conf.d              Server configuration directory.

   /usr/etc/xorg.conf.d          Server configuration directory.

   /usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d      Server configuration directory.

   /var/log/Xorg.n.log           Server log file for display n.

   /usr/bin/                    Client binaries.

   /usr/include/                Header files.

   /usr/lib/                    Libraries.

   /usr/share/fonts/X11/        Fonts.

   /usr/share/X11/XErrorDB       Client error message database.

   /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/   Client resource specifications.

   /usr/share/man/man?/         Manual pages.

   /etc/Xn.hosts                 Initial  access  control list for display
                                 n.

SEE ALSO

   X(7),  Xserver(1),   xdm(1),   xinit(1),   xorg.conf(5),   xvidtune(1),
   xkeyboard-config  (7),  apm(4),  ati(4), chips(4), cirrus(4), cyrix(4),
   fbdev(4), glide(4), glint(4),  i128(4),  i740(4),  imstt(4),  intel(4),
   mga(4),   neomagic(4),   nsc(4),   nv(4),   openchrome   (4),  r128(4),
   rendition(4),   s3virge(4),   siliconmotion(4),   sis(4),    sunbw2(4),
   suncg14(4),  suncg3(4),  suncg6(4),  sunffb(4),  sunleo(4),  suntcx(4),
   tdfx(4), tga(4), trident(4), tseng(4), v4l(4), vesa(4), vmware(4),
   Web site <http://www.x.org>.

AUTHORS

   Xorg has many contributors world wide.  The names of most of  them  can
   be  found in the documentation, ChangeLog files in the source tree, and
   in the actual source code.

   Xorg was originally based on XFree86 4.4rc2.  That was originally based
   on  X386  1.2  by  Thomas  Roell,  which  was contributed to the then X
   Consortium's X11R5 distribution by SGCS.

   Xorg is released by the X.Org Foundation.

   The project that became XFree86 was originally founded in 1992 by David
   Dawes, Glenn Lai, Jim Tsillas and David Wexelblat.

   XFree86  was  later integrated in the then X Consortium's X11R6 release
   by a group of dedicated XFree86 developers, including the following:

       Stuart Anderson    anderson@metrolink.com
       Doug Anson         danson@lgc.com
       Gertjan Akkerman   akkerman@dutiba.twi.tudelft.nl
       Mike Bernson       mike@mbsun.mlb.org
       Robin Cutshaw      robin@XFree86.org
       David Dawes        dawes@XFree86.org
       Marc Evans         marc@XFree86.org
       Pascal Haible      haible@izfm.uni-stuttgart.de
       Matthieu Herrb     Matthieu.Herrb@laas.fr
       Dirk Hohndel       hohndel@XFree86.org
       David Holland      davidh@use.com
       Alan Hourihane     alanh@fairlite.demon.co.uk
       Jeffrey Hsu        hsu@soda.berkeley.edu
       Glenn Lai          glenn@cs.utexas.edu
       Ted Lemon          mellon@ncd.com
       Rich Murphey       rich@XFree86.org
       Hans Nasten        nasten@everyware.se
       Mark Snitily       mark@sgcs.com
       Randy Terbush      randyt@cse.unl.edu
       Jon Tombs          tombs@XFree86.org
       Kees Verstoep      versto@cs.vu.nl
       Paul Vixie         paul@vix.com
       Mark Weaver        Mark_Weaver@brown.edu
       David Wexelblat    dwex@XFree86.org
       Philip Wheatley    Philip.Wheatley@ColumbiaSC.NCR.COM
       Thomas Wolfram     wolf@prz.tu-berlin.de
       Orest Zborowski    orestz@eskimo.com

   Xorg source is available from the FTP  server  <ftp://ftp.x.org/>,  and
   from  the X.Org server <http://gitweb.freedesktop.org/>.  Documentation
   and  other  information  can  be  found  from  the   X.Org   web   site
   <http://www.x.org/>.

LEGAL

   Xorg  is  copyright  software,  provided  under  licenses  that  permit
   modification and redistribution in source and binary form without  fee.
   Xorg  is copyright by numerous authors and contributors from around the
   world.  Licensing  information  can  be  found  at  <http://www.x.org>.
   Refer to the source code for specific copyright notices.

   XFree86(TM) is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc.

   X11(TM) and X Window System(TM) are trademarks of The Open Group.





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