1 (return)
[ {kai ploia}, for transport
of horses and also of provisions: however these words are omitted in some
of the best MSS.]
2 (return)
[ {all ei}: this is the
reading of the better class of MSS. The rest have {alla}, which with
{pressois} could only express a wish for success, and not an exhortation
to action.]
3 (return)
[ {outos men oi o logos en
timoros}: the words may mean "this manner of discourse was helpful for his
purpose."]
4 (return)
[ {khresmologon e kai
diatheten khresmon ton Mousaiou}.]
5 (return)
[ {aphanizoiato},
representing the present tense {aphanizontai} in the oracle.]
6 (return)
[ {ton thronon touton}: most
MSS. have {ton thronon, touto}.]
7 (return)
[ {epistasthe kou pantes}:
the MSS. have {ta epistasthe kou pantes}, which is given by most Editors.
In that case {oia erxan} would be an exclamation, "What evils they did to
us,... things which ye all know well, I think."]
8 (return)
[ {touton mentoi eineka}: it
is hardly possible here to give {mentoi} its usual meaning: Stein in his
latest edition reads {touton men toinun}.]
9 (return)
[ {suneneike}: Stein reads
{suneneike se}, "supposing that thou art worsted."]
10 (return)
[ {ep andri ge eni}, as
opposed to a god.]
11 (return)
[ {akousesthai tina psemi
ton k.t.l.}, "each one of those who are left behind."]
12 (return)
[ {kai Kurou}, a
conjectural emendation of {tou Kurou}. The text of the MSS. enumerates all
these as one continuous line of ascent. It is clear however that the
enumeration is in fact of two separate lines, which combine in Teïspes,
the line of ascent through the father Dareios being, Dareios, Hystaspes,
Arsames, Ariamnes, Teïspes, and through the mother, Atossa, Cyrus,
Cambyses, Teïspes.]
13 (return)
[ {kai mala}: perhaps,
"even."]
1301 (return)
[ Lit. "nor is he
present who will excuse thee."]
14 (return)
[ Lit. "my youth boiled
over."]
15 (return)
[ Lit. "words more
unseemly than was right."]
16 (return)
[ {all oude tauta esti o
pai theia}.]
17 (return)
[ {peplanesthai}.]
18 (return)
[ {autai}: a correction of
{autai}.]
19 (return)
[ {se de epiphoitesei}:
the better MSS. have {oude epiphoitesei}, which is adopted by Stein.]
20 (return)
[ {pempto de etei
anomeno}.]
21 (return)
[ {ton Ionion}.]
22 (return)
[ {kai oud ei eperai pros
tautesi prosgenomenai}: some MSS. read {oud eterai pros tautesi
genomenai}, which is adopted (with variations) by some Editors. The
meaning would be "not all these, nor others which happened in addition to
these, were equal to this one."]
23 (return)
[ {ama strateuomenoisi}:
{ama} is omitted in some MSS.]
24 (return)
[ {stadion}, and so
throughout.]
25 (return)
[ {entos Sanes}: some MSS.
read {ektos Sanes}, which is adopted by Stein, who translates "beyond
Sane, but on this side of Mount Athos": this however will not suit the
case of all the towns mentioned, e.g. Acrothoon, and {ton Athen} just
below clearly means the whole peninsula.]
26 (return)
[ {leukolinou}.]
27 (return)
[ {ton de on pleiston}: if
this reading is right, {siton} must be understood, and some MSS. read
{allon} for {alla} in the sentence above. Stein in his latest edition
reads {siton} instead of {pleiston}.]
28 (return)
[ Lit. "the name of which
happens to be Catarractes."]
29 (return)
[ i.e. 4,000,000.]
30 (return)
[ The {stater dareikos}
was of nearly pure gold (cp. iv. 166), weighing about 124 grains.]
3001 (return)
[ {stele}, i.e. a
square block of stone.]
31 (return)
[ {athanato andri}, taken
by some to mean one of the body of "Immortals."]
32 (return)
[ {akte pakhea}: some
inferior MSS. read {akte trakhea}, and hence some Editors have {akte
trekhea}, "a rugged foreland."]
33 (return)
[ {dolero}: some Editors
read {tholero}, "turbid," by conjecture.]
34 (return)
[ The meaning is much
disputed. I understand Herodotus to state that though the vessels lay of
course in the direction of the stream from the Hellespont, that is
presenting their prows (or sterns) to the stream, yet this did not mean
that they pointed straight towards the Propontis and Euxine; for the
stream after passing Sestos runs almost from North to South with even a
slight tendency to the East (hence {eurou} a few lines further on), so
that ships lying in the stream would point in a line cutting at right
angles that of the longer axis (from East to West) of the Pontus and
Propontis. This is the meaning of {epikarsios} elsewhere in Herodotus (i.
180 and iv. 101), and it would be rash to assign to it any other meaning
here. It is true however that the expression {pros esperes} is used
loosely below for the side toward the Egean. For {anakokheue} a subject
must probably be supplied from the clause {pentekonterous—sunthentes},
"that it (i.e. the combination of ships) might support etc.," and {ton
tonon ton oplon} may either mean as below "the stretched ropes," or "the
tension of the ropes," which would be relieved by the support: the latter
meaning seems to me preferable.]
Mr. Whitelaw suggests to me that {epikarsios} ({epi kar}) may mean rather "head-foremost," which seems to be its meaning in Homer (Odyss. ix. 70), and from which might be obtained the idea of intersection, one line running straight up against another, which it has in other passages. In that case it would here mean "heading towards the Pontus."]
35 (return)
[ {tas men pros tou Pontou
tes eteres}. Most commentators would supply {gephures} with {tes eteres},
but evidently both bridges must have been anchored on both sides.]
36 (return)
[ {eurou}: Stein adopts
the conjecture {zephurou}.]
37 (return)
[ {ton pentekonteron kai
triereon trikhou}: the MSS. give {ton pentekonteron kai trikhou}, "between
the fifty-oared galleys in as many as three places," but it is strange
that the fifty-oared galleys should be mentioned alone, and there seems no
need of {kai} with {trikhou}. Stein reads {ton pentekonteron kai triereon}
(omitting {trikhou} altogether), and this may be right.]
38 (return)
[ i.e. in proportion to
the quantity: there was of course a greater weight altogether of the
papyrus rope.]
39 (return)
[ {autis epezeugnuon}.]
40 (return)
[ {ekleipsin}: cp.
{eklipon} above.]
41 (return)
[ Or, according to some
MSS., "Nisaian."]
42 (return)
[ i.e. not downwards.]
43 (return)
[ {tina autou sukhnon
omilon}.]
44 (return)
[ {to Priamou Pergamon}.]
45 (return)
[ {en Abudo mese}: some
inferior authorities (followed by most Editors) omit {mese}: but the
district seems to be spoken of, as just above.]
46 (return)
[ {proexedre lothou
leukou}: some kind of portico or loggia seems to be meant.]
47 (return)
[ {daimonie andoon}.]
48 (return)
[ {ena auton}.]
49 (return)
[ {to proso aiei
kleptomenos}: "stealing thy advance continually," i.e. "advancing
insensibly further." Some take {kleptomenos} as passive, "insensibly lured
on further."]
50 (return)
[ {neoteron ti poiesein}.]
51 (return)
[ Or, according to some
MSS., "the Persian land."]
52 (return)
[ Lit. "the name of which
happens to be Agora."]
53 (return)
[ i.e. 1,700,000.]
54 (return)
[ {sunnaxantes}: a
conjectural emendation very generally adopted of {sunaxantes} or
{sunapsantes}.]
55 (return)
[ {apageas}, i.e. not
stiffly standing up; the opposite to {pepeguias} (ch. 64).]
56 (return)
[ {lepidos siderees opsin
ikhthueideos}: many Editors suppose that some words have dropped out. The
{kithon} spoken of may have been a coat of armour, but elsewhere the body
armour {thorex} is clearly distinguished from the {kithon}, see ix. 22.]
57 (return)
[ {gerra}: cp. ix. 61 and
102.]
58 (return)
[ Cp. i. 7.]
59 (return)
[ {mitrephoroi esan}: the
{mitre} was perhaps a kind of turban.]
60 (return)
[ {tesi Aiguptiesi},
apparently {makhairesi} is meant to be supplied: cp. ch. 91.]
61 (return)
[ {eklethesan}, "were
called" from the first.]
62 (return)
[ These words are by some
Editors thought to be an interpolation. The Chaldeans in fact had become a
caste of priests, cp. i. 181.]
63 (return)
[ {kurbasias}: supposed to
be the same as the tiara (cp. v. 49), but in this case stiff and
upright.]
64 (return)
[ i.e. Areians, cp. iii.
93.]
65 (return)
[ {sisurnas}: cp. iv.
109.]
66 (return)
[ {akinakas}.]
67 (return)
[ {sisurnophoroi}.]
68 (return)
[ {zeiras}.]
69 (return)
[ {toxa palintona}.]
70 (return)
[ {spathes}, which perhaps
means the stem of the leaf.]
71 (return)
[ {gupso}, "white chalk."]
72 (return)
[ {milto}, "red ochre."]
73 (return)
[ Some words have
apparently been lost containing the name of the nation to which the
following description applies. It is suggested that this might be either
the Chalybians or the Pisidians.]
74 (return)
[ {lukioergeas}, an
emendation from Athenæus of {lukoergeas} (or {lukergeas}), which might
perhaps mean "for wolf-hunting."]
75 (return)
[ {anastpastous}: cp. iii.
93.]
76 (return)
[ Some Editors place this
clause before the words: "and Smerdomenes the son of Otanes," for we do
not hear of Otanes or Smerdomenes elsewhere as brother and nephew of
Dareios. On the other hand Mardonios was son of the sister of
Dareios.]
77 (return)
[ {tukhe}, "hits."]
78 (return)
[ {keletas}, "single
horses."]
79 (return)
[ This name is apparently
placed here wrongly. It has been proposed to read {Kaspeiroi} or
{Paktues}.]
80 (return)
[ {ippeue}: the greater
number of MSS. have {ippeuei} here as at the beginning of ch. 84, to which
this is a reference back, but with a difference of meaning. There the
author seemed to begin with the intention of giving a full list of the
cavalry force of the Persian Empire, and then confined his account to
those actually present on this occasion, whereas here the word in
combination with {mouna} refers only to those just enumerated.]
81 (return)
[ i.e. 80,000.]
82 (return)
[ {Suroisi}, see note on
ii. 104.]
83 (return)
[ {tukous}, which appears
to mean ordinarily a tool for stone-cutting.]
84 (return)
[ {mitresi}, perhaps
"turbans."]
85 (return)
[ {kithonas}: there is
some probability in the suggestion of {kitarias} here, for we should
expect mention of a head-covering, and the word {kitaris} (which is
explained to mean the same as {tiara}), is quoted by Pollux as occurring
in Herodotus.]
86 (return)
[ {kithonas}.]
87 (return)
[ {drepana},
"reaping-hooks," cp. v. 112.]
88 (return)
[ See i. 171.]
89 (return)
[ {Pelasgoi Aigialees}.]
90 (return)
[ {kerkouroi}.]
91 (return)
[ {makra}: some MSS. and
editions have {smikra}, "small."]
92 (return)
[ Or "Mapen."]
93 (return)
[ Or "Seldomos."]
94 (return)
[ {metopedon}.]
95 (return)
[ {me oentes arthmioi}.
This is generally taken to mean, "unless they were of one mind together";
but that would very much weaken the force of the remark, and {arthmios}
elsewhere is the opposite of {polemios}, cp. vi. 83 and ix. 9, 37: Xerxes
professes enmity only against those who had refused to give the tokens of
submission.]
96 (return)
[ {men mounoisi}: these
words are omitted in some good MSS., and {mounoisi} has perhaps been
introduced from the preceding sentence. The thing referred to in {touto}
is the power of fighting in single combat with many at once, which
Demaratos is supposed to have claimed for the whole community of the
Spartans.]
97 (return)
[ {stergein malista}.]
98 (return)
[ {oudamoi ko}.]
99 (return)
[ Or, "Strauos."]
100 (return)
[ Or, "Compsatos."]
101 (return)
[ {tas epeirotidas
polis}: it is not clear why these are thus distinguished. Stein suggests
{Thasion tas epeirotidas polis}, cp. ch. [Footnote 118; and if that be the
true reading {ion} is probably a remnant of {Thasion} after {khoras}.]
102 (return)
[ Or, "Pistiros."]
103 (return)
[ {oi propheteountes},
i.e. those who interpret the utterances of the Oracle, cp. viii. 36.]
104 (return)
[ {promantis}.]
105 (return)
[ {kai ouden
poikiloteron}, an expression of which the meaning is not quite clear;
perhaps "and the oracles are not at all more obscure," cp. Eur. Phoen. 470
and Hel. 711 (quoted by Bähr).]
106 (return)
[ "Ennea Hodoi."]
107 (return)
[ Cp. iii. 84.]
108 (return)
[ The "royal cubit" is
about 20 inches; the {daktulos}, "finger's breadth," is rather less than ¾
inch.]
109 (return)
[ Or, "Cape
Canastraion."]
110 (return)
[ Or "Echeidoros": so it
is usually called, but not by any MS. here, and by a few only in ch. 127.]
111 (return)
[ {pro mesogaian tamnon
tes odou}: cp. iv. 12 and ix. 89.]
112 (return)
[ Cp. ch. 6 and 174: but
it does not appear that the Aleuadai, of whom Xerxes is here speaking,
ever thought of resistance, and perhaps {gnosimakheontes} means, "when
they submitted without resistance."]
113 (return)
[ Some MSS. have
{Ainienes} for {Enienes}.]
114 (return)
[ {dekateusai}: there is
sufficient authority for this rendering of {dekateuein}, and it seems
better here than to understand the word to refer only to a "tithing" of
goods.]
115 (return)
[ {es to barathron}, the
place of execution at Athens.]
116 (return)
[ "undesirable thing."]
117 (return)
[ {ouk ex isou}: i.e. it
is one-sided, because the speaker has had experience of only one of the
alternatives.]
118 (return)
[ Cp. ch. 143 (end), and
viii. 62.]