ENGLISH
ENGLISH
NAMEDESCRIPTION
SEE ALSO
NAME
english − flag format for English ispell dictionaries
DESCRIPTION
English dictionaries for ispell(1) supports 3 prefix and 14 suffix flags. For a detailed description of how ispell handles flags and capitalization, see ispell(5). This manual page only describes flags usable in dictionaries built using the english.aff affix file.
In the following discussion of the flags, let # and @ be "variables" that can stand for any letter. Upper case letters are constants. "..." stands for any string of zero or more letters, but note that no word may exist in the dictionary which is not at least 2 letters long, so, for example, "fly" may not be produced by placing the "Y" flag on "f". Also, no flag is effective unless the word that it creates is at least 4 letters long, so, for example, "wed" may not be produced by placing the "D" flag on "we".
In the following list, an asterisk indicates that a flag participates in cross-product formation (see ispell(5)).
The meaning of the prefix flags is as follows:
|
*A |
... --> re... as in cover --> recover |
|||
|
*I |
... --> in... as in firm --> infirm |
|||
|
*U |
... --> un... as in able --> unable |
The meaning of the suffix flags is as follows:
|
V |
...e --> ...ive as in create --> creative |
if # .ne. e, ...# --> ...#ive as in prevent --> preventive
|
*N |
...e --> ...ion as in create --> creation |
...y --> ...ication as in
multiply --> multiplication
if # .ne. e or y, ...# --> ...#en as in fall -->
fallen
|
*X |
...e --> ...ions as in create --> creations |
...y --> ...ications as in
multiply --> multiplications
if # .ne. e or y, ...# --> ...#ens as in weak -->
weakens
|
H |
...y --> ...ieth as in twenty --> twentieth |
if # .ne. y, ...# --> ...#th as in hundred --> hundredth
|
*Y |
...y --> ..ily as in messy --> messily |
if # .ne y, ...# --> ...#ly as in quick --> quickly
|
*G |
...e --> ...ing as in file --> filing |
if # .ne. e, ...# --> ...#ing as in cross --> crossing
|
*J |
...e --> ...ings as in file --> filings |
if # .ne. e, ...# --> ...#ings as in cross --> crossings
|
*D |
...e --> ...ed as in create --> created |
if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u,
...@y --> ...@ied as in imply --> implied
if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u) ...@#
--> ...@#ed as in cross --> crossed or convey -->
conveyed
|
T |
...e --> ...est as in late --> latest |
if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u,
...@y --> ...@iest as in dirty --> dirtiest
if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u) ...@#
--> ...@#est as in small --> smallest or gray -->
grayest
|
*R |
...e --> ...er as in skate --> skater |
if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u,
...@y --> ...@ier as in multiply --> multiplier
if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u) ...@#
--> ...@#er as in build --> builder or convey -->
conveyer
|
*Z |
...e --> ...ers as in skate --> skaters |
if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u,
...@y --> ...@iers as in multiply --> multipliers
if # .ne. e or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or u) ...@#
--> ...@#ers as in build --> builders or slay -->
slayers
|
*S |
if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@ies as in imply --> implies |
if # .eq. c, s, or t, ...#h
--> ...#hes as in lash --> lashes
if # .ne. c, s, or t, ...#h --> ...#hs as in cough -->
coughs
if # .eq. s, x, or z, ...# --> ...#es as in fix -->
fixes
if # .ne. s, x, z, h, or y, or (# = y and @ = a, e, i, o, or
u) ...@# --> ...@#s as in bat --> bats or convey
--> conveys
if @ .ne. a, e, i, o, or u, ...@y --> ...@iness as in
cloudy --> cloudiness
if # .ne. y, or @ = a, e, i, o, or u, ...@# --> ...@#ness
as in late --> lateness or gray --> grayness
|
*M |
... --> ...’s as in dog --> dog’s |
To summarize more briefly:
Prefixes:
*A − re
*I − in
*U − un
Suffixes:
V − ive
*N − ion, tion, en
*X − ions, ications, ens
H − th, ieth
*Y − ly, ily
*G − ing
*J − ings
*D − ed
T − est
*R − er
*Z − ers
*S − s, es, ies
*P − ness, iness
*M − ’s
SEE ALSO
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
