psbasemap(1gmt)
NAME
psbasemap - Plot PostScript base maps
SYNOPSIS
psbasemap -Jparameters
-Rwest/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][r] [ -B[p|s]parameters ] [
-A[file] ] [ -Dinsert box ] [ -Fbox ] [ -K ] [ -Jz|Zparameters ] [
-Lruler ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [ -U[stamp] ] [ -Trose ] [ -Tmag_rose ] [
-V[level] ] [ -Xx_offset ] [ -Yy_offset ] [ -ccopies ] [ -fflags ] [
-pflags ] [ -ttransp ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated
arguments.
DESCRIPTION
psbasemap creates PostScript code that will produce a basemap. Several map projections are available, and the user may specify separate tick-mark intervals for boundary annotation, ticking, and [optionally] gridlines. A simple map scale or directional rose may also be plotted. At least one of the options -B, -L, or -T must be specified.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
-Jparameters (more ...)
Select map projection.
-R[unit]xmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[r] (more ...)
Specify the region of interest.
For perspective view p, optionally append /zmin/zmax. (more ...)
OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
-A[file]
No plotting is performed. Instead, we determine the
geographical coordinates of the polygon outline for the
(possibly oblique) rectangular map domain. The plot domain must
be given via -R and -J, with no other options allowed. The
sampling interval is controlled via MAP_LINE_STEP parameter. The
coordinates are written to file or to standard output if no file
is specified.
-B[p|s]parameters (more ...)
Set map boundary intervals.
-D[unit]xmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[r][+sfile] |
-D[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[/height][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]][+sfile]
Draw a simple map insert box on the map. Requires -F. Specify
the box in one of three ways: (a) Give west/east/south/north of
geographic rectangle bounded by parallels and meridians; append
r if the coordinates instead are the lower left and upper right
corners of the desired rectangle. (b) Give uxmin/xmax/ymin/ymax
of bounding rectangle in projected coordinates (here, u is the
coordinate unit). (c) Give the reference point on the map for
the insert using one of four coordinate systems: (1) Use -Dg for
map (user) coordinates, (2) use -Dj or -DJ for setting refpoint
via a 2-char justification code that refers to the (invisible)
map domain rectangle, (3) use -Dn for normalized (0-1)
coordinates, or (4) use -Dx for plot coordinates (inches, cm,
etc.). Append +wwidth[/height] of bounding rectangle or box in
plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.). By default, the anchor
point on the scale is assumed to be the bottom left corner (BL),
but this can be changed by appending +j followed by a 2-char
justification code justify (see pstext). Note: If -Dj is used
then justify defaults to the same as refpoint, if -DJ is used
then justify defaults to the mirror opposite of refpoint. Add
+o to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint
point in the direction implied by justify (or the direction
implied by -Dj or -DJ). If you need access to the placement of
the lower left corner of the map insert and its dimensions in
the current map unit, use sfile to write this information to
file. Specify insert box attributes via the -F option [outline
only].
-F[d|l|t][+cclearances][+gfill][+i[[gap/]pen]][+p[pen]][+r[radius]][+s[[dx/dy/][shade]]]
Without further options, draws a rectangular border around any
map insert (-D), map scale (-L) or map rose (-T) using
MAP_FRAME_PEN; specify a different pen with +ppen. Add +gfill
to fill the logo box [no fill]. Append +cclearance where
clearance is either gap, xgap/ygap, or lgap/rgap/bgap/tgap where
these items are uniform, separate in x- and y-direction, or
individual side spacings between logo and border. Append +i to
draw a secondary, inner border as well. We use a uniform gap
between borders of 2p and the MAP_DEFAULT_PEN unless other
values are specified. Append +r to draw rounded rectangular
borders instead, with a 6p corner radius. You can override this
radius by appending another value. Finally, append +s to draw an
offset background shaded region. Here, dx/dy indicates the shift
relative to the foreground frame [4p/-4p] and shade sets the
fill style to use for shading [gray50]. Used in combination
with -D, -L or -T. To specify separate parameters for the
various map features, append d|l|t to -F to specify panel
parameters for just that panel [Default uses the same panel
parameters for all selected map features].
-Jz|Zparameters (more ...)
Set z-axis scaling; same syntax as -Jx.
-K (more ...)
Do not finalize the PostScript plot.
-L[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+c[slon/]slat+wlength[e|f|k|M|n|u][+aalign][+f][+l[label]][+u]
Draws a simple map scale centered on the reference point
specified using one of four coordinate systems: (1) Use -Dg for
map (user) coordinates, (2) use -Dj or -DJ for setting refpoint
via a 2-char justification code that refers to the (invisible)
map domain rectangle, (3) use -Dn for normalized (0-1)
coordinates, or (4) use -Dx for plot coordinates (inches, cm,
etc.). Scale is calculated for latitude slat (optionally supply
longitude slon for oblique projections [Default is central
meridian]), length is in km, or append unit from e|f|k|M|n|u.
Change the label alignment with +aalign (choose among l(eft),
r(ight), t(op), and b(ottom)). Append +f to get a "fancy" scale
[Default is plain]. Append +l to select the default label,
which equals the distance unit (meter, foot, km, mile, nautical
mile, US survey foot) and is justified on top of the scale [t].
Change this by giving your own label (append +llabel). Select
+u to append the unit to all distance annotations along the
scale (for the plain scale, +u will instead select the unit to
be appended to the distance length). Note: Use FONT_LABEL to
change the label font and FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY to change the
annotation font. The height of the map scale is controlled by
MAP_SCALE_HEIGHT, and the pen thickness is set by
MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY. See -F on how to place a panel behind the
scale.
-O (more ...)
Append to existing PostScript plot.
-P (more ...)
Select "Portrait" plot orientation.
-Td[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[+f[level]][+jjustify][+lw,e,s,n][+odx[/dy]]
-Td draws a map directional rose on the map at the location
defined by the reference and anchor points: Give the reference
point on the map for the rose using one of four coordinate
systems: (1) Use g for map (user) coordinates, (2) use j for
setting refpoint via a 2-char justification code that refers to
the (invisible) map domain rectangle, (3) use n for normalized
(0-1) coordinates, or (4) use x for plot coordinates (inches,
cm, etc.) [Default]. You can offset the reference point by
dx/dy in the direction implied by justify. By default, the
anchor point on the scale is assumed to be the center of the
rose (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j followed by a
2-char justification code justify (see pstext). Note: If -Dj is
used then justify defaults to the same as refpoint, if -DJ is
used then justify defaults to the mirror opposite of refpoint.
Add +o to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint
point in the direction implied by justify (or the direction
implied by -Dj or -DJ). Append +wwidthto set the width of the
rose in plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.). Add +f to get a
"fancy" rose, and specify in level what you want drawn. The
default [1] draws the two principal E-W, N-S orientations, 2
adds the two intermediate NW-SE and NE-SW orientations, while 3
adds the eight minor orientations WNW-ESE, NNW-SSE, NNE-SSW, and
ENE-WSW. Label the cardinal points W,E,S,N by adding +l and
append your own four comma-separated strings to override the
default. See Placing-dir-map-roses and -F on how to place a
panel behind the scale.
-Tm[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[+ddec[/dlabel]]][+ipen][+jjustify][+lw,e,s,n][+ppen][+tints][+odx[/dy]]
-Tm draws a map magnetic rose on the map at the location defined by
the reference and anchor points: Give the reference point on the map
for the rose using one of four coordinate systems: (1) Use g for map
(user) coordinates, (2) use j for setting refpoint via a 2-char
justification code that refers to the (invisible) map domain
rectangle, (3) use n for normalized (0-1) coordinates, or (4) use x
for plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.) [Default]. You can offset
the reference point by dx/dy in the direction implied by justify.
By default, the anchor point on the scale is assumed to be the
center of the rose (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j
followed by a 2-char justification code justify (see pstext). Note:
If -Dj is used then justify defaults to the same as refpoint, if -DJ
is used then justify defaults to the mirror opposite of refpoint.
Add +o to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint
point in the direction implied by justify (or the direction implied
by -Dj or -DJ). Append +wwidthto set the width of the rose in plot
coordinates (inches, cm, etc.). Use +d to assign the magnetic
declination and set dlabel, which is a label for the magnetic
compass needle (Leave empty to format a label from dec, or give - to
bypass labeling). With +d, both directions to geographic and
magnetic north are plotted [Default is geographic only]. If the
north label is * then a north star is plotted instead of the north
label. Annotation and two levels of tick intervals for both
geographic and magnetic directions are 30/5/1 degrees; override
these settings by appending +tints, and append six intervals to set
both the geographic and magnetic intervals. Label the cardinal
points W,E,S,N by adding +l and append your own four comma-separated
strings to override the default. Number GMT default parameters
control pens, fonts, and color; see the Placing-mag-map-roses
section in the Cookbook. See -F on how to place a panel behind the
scale.
-U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] (more ...)
Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.
-V[level] (more ...)
Select verbosity level [c].
-X[a|c|f|r][x-shift[u]]
-Y[a|c|f|r][y-shift[u]] (more ...)
Shift plot origin.
-ccopies (more ...)
Specify number of plot copies [Default is 1].
-f[i|o]colinfo (more ...)
Specify data types of input and/or output columns. This applies
only to the coordinates specified in the -R option.
-p[x|y|z]azim/elev[/zlevel][+wlon0/lat0[/z0]][+vx0/y0] (more ...)
Select perspective view.
-t[transp] (more ...)
Set PDF transparency level in percent.
-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then
exits (NOTE: on Windows use just -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the
explanation of any module-specific option (but not the GMT
common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation
of options, then exits.
EXAMPLES
The following section illustrates the use of the options by giving some examples for the available map projections. Note how scales may be given in several different ways depending on the projection. Also note the use of upper case letters to specify map width instead of map scale.
NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS
Linear x-y plot
To make a linear x/y frame with all axes, but with only left and bottom
axes annotated, using xscale = yscale = 1.0, ticking every 1 unit and
annotating every 2, and using xlabel = "Distance" and ylabel = "No of
samples", use
gmt psbasemap -R0/9/0/5 -Jx1 -Bf1a2 -Bx+lDistance -By+l"No of samples" -BWeSn > linear.ps
Log-log plot
To make a log-log frame with only the left and bottom axes, where the
x-axis is 25 cm and annotated every 1-2-5 and the y-axis is 15 cm and
annotated every power of 10 but has tick-marks every 0.1, run
gmt psbasemap -R1/10000/1e20/1e25 -JX25cl/15cl -Bx2+lWavelength -Bya1pf3+lPower -BWS > loglog.ps
Power axes
To design an axis system to be used for a depth-sqrt(age) plot with
depth positive down, ticked and annotated every 500m, and ages
annotated at 1 my, 4 my, 9 my etc, use
gmt psbasemap -R0/100/0/5000 -Jx1p0.5/-0.001 -Bx1p+l"Crustal age" -By500+lDepth > power.ps
Polar (theta,r) plot
For a base map for use with polar coordinates, where the radius from 0
to 1000 should correspond to 3 inch and with gridlines and ticks
intervals automatically determined, use
gmt psbasemap -R0/360/0/1000 -JP6i -Bafg > polar.ps
CYLINDRICAL MAP PROJECTIONS
Cassini
A 10-cm-wide basemap using the Cassini projection may be obtained by
gmt psbasemap -R20/50/20/35 -JC35/28/10c -P -Bafg -B+tCassini > cassini.ps
Mercator [conformal]
A Mercator map with scale 0.025 inch/degree along equator, and showing
the length of 5000 km along the equator (centered on 1/1 inch), may be
plotted as
gmt psbasemap -R90/180/-50/50 -Jm0.025i -Bafg -B+tMercator -Lx1i/1i+c0+w5000k > mercator.ps
Miller
A global Miller cylindrical map with scale 1:200,000,000 may be plotted
as
gmt psbasemap -Rg -Jj180/1:200000000 -Bafg -B+tMiller > miller.ps
Oblique Mercator [conformal]
To create a page-size global oblique Mercator basemap for a pole at
(90,30) with gridlines every 30 degrees, run
gmt psbasemap -R0/360/-70/70 -Joc0/0/90/30/0.064cd -B30g30 -B+t"Oblique Mercator" > oblmerc.ps
Transverse Mercator [conformal]
A regular Transverse Mercator basemap for some region may look like
gmt psbasemap -R69:30/71:45/-17/-15:15 -Jt70/1:1000000 -Bafg -B+t"Survey area" -P > transmerc.ps
Equidistant Cylindrical Projection
This projection only needs the central meridian and scale. A 25 cm wide
global basemap centered on the 130E meridian is made by
gmt psbasemap -R-50/310/-90/90 -JQ130/25c -Bafg -B+t"Equidistant Cylindrical" > cyl_eqdist.ps
Universal Transverse Mercator [conformal]
To use this projection you must know the UTM zone number, which defines
the central meridian. A UTM basemap for Indo-China can be plotted as
gmt psbasemap -R95/5/108/20r -Ju46/1:10000000 -Bafg -B+tUTM > utm.ps
Cylindrical Equal-Area
First select which of the cylindrical equal-area projections you want
by deciding on the standard parallel. Here we will use 45 degrees which
gives the Gall-Peters projection. A 9 inch wide global basemap centered
on the Pacific is made by
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JY180/45/9i -Bafg -B+tGall-Peters > gall-peters.ps
CONIC MAP PROJECTIONS
Albers [equal-area]
A basemap for middle Europe may be created by
gmt psbasemap -R0/90/25/55 -Jb45/20/32/45/0.25c -Bafg -B+t"Albers Equal-area" > albers.ps
Lambert [conformal]
Another basemap for middle Europe may be created by
gmt psbasemap -R0/90/25/55 -Jl45/20/32/45/0.1i -Bafg -B+t"Lambert Conformal Conic" > lambertc.ps
Equidistant
Yet another basemap of width 6 inch for middle Europe may be created by
gmt psbasemap -R0/90/25/55 -JD45/20/32/45/6i -Bafg -B+t"Equidistant conic" > econic.ps
Polyconic
A basemap for north America may be created by
gmt psbasemap -R-180/-20/0/90 -JPoly/4i -Bafg -B+tPolyconic > polyconic.ps
AZIMUTHAL MAP PROJECTIONS
Lambert [equal-area]
A 15-cm-wide global view of the world from the vantage point -80/-30
will give the following basemap:
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JA-80/-30/15c -Bafg -B+t"Lambert Azimuthal" > lamberta.ps
Follow the instructions for stereographic projection if you want to
impose rectangular boundaries on the azimuthal equal-area map but
substitute -Ja for -Js.
Equidistant
A 15-cm-wide global map in which distances from the center (here
125/10) to any point is true can be obtained by:
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JE125/10/15c -Bafg -B+tEquidistant > equi.ps
Gnomonic
A view of the world from the vantage point -100/40 out to a horizon of
60 degrees from the center can be made using the Gnomonic projection:
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JF-100/40/60/6i -Bafg -B+tGnomonic > gnomonic.ps
Orthographic
A global perspective (from infinite distance) view of the world from
the vantage point 125/10 will give the following 6-inch-wide basemap:
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JG125/10/6i -Bafg -B+tOrthographic > ortho.ps
General Perspective
The -JG option can be used in a more generalized form, specifying
altitude above the surface, width and height of the view point, and
twist and tilt. A view from 160 km above -74/41.5 with a tilt of 55 and
azimuth of 210 degrees, and limiting the viewpoint to 30 degrees width
and height will product a 6-inch-wide basemap:
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JG-74/41.5/160/210/55/30/30/6i -Bafg -B+t"General Perspective" > genper.ps
Stereographic [conformal]
To make a polar stereographic projection basemap with radius = 12 cm to
-60 degree latitude, with plot title "Salinity measurements", using 5
degrees annotation/tick interval and 1 degree gridlines, run
gmt psbasemap -R-45/45/-90/-60 -Js0/-90/12c/-60 -B5g1 -B+t"Salinity measurements" > stereo1.ps
To make a 12-cm-wide stereographic basemap for Australia from an
arbitrary view point (not the poles), and use a rectangular boundary,
we must give the pole for the new projection and use the -R option to
indicate the lower left and upper right corners (in lon/lat) that will
define our rectangle. We choose a pole at 130/-30 and use 100/-45 and
160/-5 as our corners. The command becomes
gmt psbasemap -R100/-45/160/-5r -JS130/-30/12c -Bafg -B+t"General Stereographic View" > stereo2.ps
MISCELLANEOUS MAP PROJECTIONS
Hammer [equal-area]
The Hammer projection is mostly used for global maps and thus the
spherical form is used. To get a world map centered on Greenwich at a
scale of 1:200000000, use
gmt psbasemap -Rd -Jh0/1:200000000 -Bafg -B+tHammer > hammer.ps
Sinusoidal [equal-area]
To make a sinusoidal world map centered on Greenwich, with a scale
along the equator of 0.02 inch/degree, use
gmt psbasemap -Rd -Ji0/0.02i -Bafg -B+tSinusoidal > sinus1.ps
To make an interrupted sinusoidal world map with breaks at 160W, 20W,
and 60E, with a scale along the equator of 0.02 inch/degree, run the
following sequence of commands:
gmt psbasemap -R-160/-20/-90/90 -Ji-90/0.02i -Bx30g30 -By15g15 -BWesn -K > sinus_i.ps
gmt psbasemap -R-20/60/-90/90 -Ji20/0.02i -Bx30g30 -By15g15 -Bwesn -O -K -X2.8i >> sinus_i.ps
gmt psbasemap -R60/200/-90/90 -Ji130/0.02i -Bx30g30 -By15g15 -BwEsn -O -X1.6i >> sinus_i.ps
Eckert IV [equal-area]
Pseudo-cylindrical projection typically used for global maps only. Set
the central longitude and scale, e.g.,
gmt psbasemap -Rg -Jkf180/0.064c -Bafg -B+t"Eckert IV" > eckert4.ps
Eckert VI [equal-area]
Another pseudo-cylindrical projection typically used for global maps
only. Set the central longitude and scale, e.g.,
gmt psbasemap -Rg -Jks180/0.064c -Bafg -B+t"Eckert VI" > eckert6.ps
Robinson
Projection designed to make global maps "look right". Set the central
longitude and width, e.g.,
gmt psbasemap -Rd -JN0/8i -Bafg -B+tRobinson > robinson.ps
Winkel Tripel
Yet another projection typically used for global maps only. You can set
the central longitude, e.g.,
gmt psbasemap -R90/450/-90/90 -JR270/25c -Bafg -B+t"Winkel Tripel" > winkel.ps
Mollweide [equal-area]
The Mollweide projection is also mostly used for global maps and thus
the spherical form is used. To get a 25-cm-wide world map centered on
the Dateline:
psbasemap -Rg -JW180/25c -Bafg -B+tMollweide > mollweide.ps
Van der Grinten
The Van der Grinten projection is also mostly used for global maps and
thus the spherical form is used. To get a 18-cm-wide world map centered
on the Dateline:
gmt psbasemap -Rg -JV180/18c -Bafg -B+t"Van der Grinten" > grinten.ps
CUSTOM LABELS OR INTERVALS
The -B option sets up a regular annotation interval and the annotations derive from the corresponding x, y, or z coordinates. However, some applications requires special control on which annotations to plot and even replace the annotation with other labels. This is achieved by using cintfile in the -B option, where intfile contains all the information about annotations, ticks, and even gridlines. Each record is of the form coord type [label], where coord is the coordinate for this annotation (or tick or gridline), type is one or more letters from a (annotation), i interval annotation, f tickmark, and g gridline. Note that a and i are mutually exclusive and cannot both appear in the same intfile. Both a and i requires you to supply a label which is used as the plot annotation. If not given then a regular formatted annotation based on the coordinate will occur.
RESTRICTIONS
For some projections, a spherical earth is implicitly assumed. A warning will notify the user if -V is set.
BUGS
The -B option is somewhat complicated to explain and comprehend. However, it is fairly simple for most applications (see examples).
SEE ALSO
gmt, gmt.conf, gmtcolors
COPYRIGHT
2016, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe
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