pscoast(1gmt)
NAME
pscoast - Plot continents, shorelines, rivers, and borders on maps
SYNOPSIS
pscoast -Jparameters
-Rregion [ -Aarea ] [ -B[p|s]parameters ] [ -C[l|r/]fill ] [
-Dresolution[+] ] [ -Edcw ] [ -Fbox ] [ -Gfill|c ] [ -Iriver[/pen]
] [ -Jz|Zparameters ] [ -K ] [ -Lruler ] [ -M ] [ -Nborder[/pen] ]
[ -O ] [ -P ] [ -Q ] [ -Sfill|c ] [ -Trose ] [ -Tmag_rose ] [
-U[stamp] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -W[level/]pen ] [ -Xx_offset ] [
-Yy_offset ] [ -bobinary ] [ -ccopies ] [ -pflags ] [ -ttransp ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated
arguments.
DESCRIPTION
pscoast plots grayshaded, colored, or textured land-masses [or water-masses] on maps and [optionally] draws coastlines, rivers, and political boundaries. Alternatively, it can (1) issue clip paths that will contain all land or all water areas, or (2) dump the data to an ASCII table. The data files come in 5 different resolutions: (f)ull, (h)igh, (i)ntermediate, (l)ow, and (c)rude. The full resolution files amount to more than 55 Mb of data and provide great detail; for maps of larger geographical extent it is more economical to use one of the other resolutions. If the user selects to paint the land-areas and does not specify fill of water-areas then the latter will be transparent (i.e., earlier graphics drawn in those areas will not be overwritten). Likewise, if the water-areas are painted and no land fill is set then the land-areas will be transparent. A map projection must be supplied. The PostScript code is written to standard output.
REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
-Jparameters (more ...)
Select map projection.
-R[unit]west/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][r]
west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest, and
you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
[+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower left and
upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The
two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
-180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
Alternatively for grid creation, give Rcodelon/lat/nx/ny, where
code is a 2-character combination of L, C, R (for left, center,
or right) and T, M, B for top, middle, or bottom. e.g., BL for
lower left. This indicates which point on a rectangular region
the lon/lat coordinate refers to, and the grid dimensions nx and
ny with grid spacings via -I is used to create the corresponding
region. Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid
file and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are
copied from the grid. Using -Runit expects projected (Cartesian)
coordinates compatible with chosen -J and we inversely project
to determine actual rectangular geographic region. For
perspective view (-p), optionally append /zmin/zmax. In case of
perspective view (-p), a z-range (zmin, zmax) can be appended to
indicate the third dimension. This needs to be done only when
using the -Jz option, not when using only the -p option. In the
latter case a perspective view of the plane is plotted, with no
third dimension.
For perspective view p, optionally append /zmin/zmax. (more ...)
OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS
-Amin_area[/min_level/max_level][+ag|i|s|S][+r|l][+ppercent]
Features with an area smaller than min_area in km^2 or of
hierarchical level that is lower than min_level or higher than
max_level will not be plotted [Default is 0/0/4 (all features)].
Level 2 (lakes) contains regular lakes and wide river bodies
which we normally include as lakes; append +r to just get
river-lakes or +l to just get regular lakes. By default (+ai)
we select the ice shelf boundary as the coastline for
Antarctica; append +ag to instead select the ice grounding line
as coastline. For expert users who wish to print their own
Antarctica coastline and islands via psxy you can use +as to
skip all GSHHG features below 60S or +aS to instead skip all
features north of 60S. Finally, append +ppercent to exclude
polygons whose percentage area of the corresponding
full-resolution feature is less than percent. See GSHHG
INFORMATION below for more details.
-B[p|s]parameters (more ...)
Set map boundary intervals.
-C[l|r/]fill
Set the shade, color, or pattern for lakes and river-lakes
[Default is the fill chosen for "wet" areas (-S)]. Optionally,
specify separate fills by prepending l/ for lakes and r/ for
river-lakes, repeating the -C option as needed.
-Dresolution[+]
Selects the resolution of the data set to use ((f)ull, (h)igh,
(i)ntermediate, (l)ow, and (c)rude). The resolution drops off by
80% between data sets [Default is l]. Append + to automatically
select a lower resolution should the one requested not be
available [abort if not found]. Alternatively, choose (a)uto to
automatically select the best resolution given the chosen map
scale.
-Ecode1,code2,...[+l|L][+gfill][+ppen][+r|R[incs]]
Select painting or dumping country polygons from the Digital
Chart of the World. This is another dataset independent of
GSHHG and hence the -A and -D options do not apply. Append one
or more comma-separated countries using the 2-character ISO
3166-1 alpha-2 convention. To select a state of a country (if
available), append .state, e.g, US.TX for Texas. To specify a
whole continent, prepend = to any of the continent codes AF
(Africa), AN (Antarctica), AS (Asia), EU (Europe), OC (Oceania),
NA (North America), or SA (South America). Append +l to just
list the countries and their codes [no data extraction or
plotting takes place]. Use +L to see states/territories for
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, and the US. Use +r to
obtain the bounding box coordinates from the polygon(s). Append
inc, xinc/yinc, or winc/einc/sinc/ninc to adjust the region to
be a multiple of these steps [no adjustment]. Use +R to extend
the region outward by adding these increments instead [no
extension]. Append +ppen to draw polygon outlines [no outline]
and +gfill to fill them [no fill]. One of +p|g must be
specified unless +r, +R, or -M is in effect, and only one -E
option can be given. You may repeat -E to give different groups
of items separate pen/fill settings. If modifiers +r or +R are
used and neither -J nor -M is set then we just print the -Rwesn
string.
-F[+cclearances][+gfill][+i[[gap/]pen]][+p[pen]][+r[radius]][+s[[dx/dy/][shade]]]
Without further options, draws a rectangular border around the
map scale or rose using MAP_FRAME_PEN; specify a different pen
with +ppen. Add +gfill to fill the logo box [no fill]. Append
+cclearance where clearance is either gap, xgap/ygap, or
lgap/rgap/bgap/tgap where these items are uniform, separate in
x- and y-direction, or individual side spacings between logo and
border. Append +i to draw a secondary, inner border as well. We
use a uniform gap between borders of 2p and the MAP_DEFAULT_PEN
unless other values are specified. Append +r to draw rounded
rectangular borders instead, with a 6p corner radius. You can
override this radius by appending another value. Finally, append
+s to draw an offset background shaded region. Here, dx/dy
indicates the shift relative to the foreground frame [4p/-4p]
and shade sets the fill style to use for shading [gray50].
Requires -L or -T. If both -L or -T, you may repeat -F after
each of these.
-Gfill|c
Select filling or clipping of "dry" areas. Append the shade,
color, or pattern; or use -Gc for clipping [Default is no fill].
-Iriver[/pen]
Draw rivers. Specify the type of rivers and [optionally] append
pen attributes [Default pen: width = default, color = black,
style = solid].
Choose from the list of river types below; repeat option -I as
often as necessary.
0 = Double-lined rivers (river-lakes)
1 = Permanent major rivers
2 = Additional major rivers
3 = Additional rivers
4 = Minor rivers
5 = Intermittent rivers - major
6 = Intermittent rivers - additional
7 = Intermittent rivers - minor
8 = Major canals
9 = Minor canals
10 = Irrigation canals
You can also choose from several preconfigured river groups:
a = All rivers and canals (0-10)
A = All rivers and canals except river-lakes (1-10)
r = All permanent rivers (0-4)
R = All permanent rivers except river-lakes (1-4)
i = All intermittent rivers (5-7)
c = All canals (8-10)
-Jz|Zparameters (more ...)
Set z-axis scaling; same syntax as -Jx.
-K (more ...)
Do not finalize the PostScript plot.
-L[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+c[slon/]slat+wlength[e|f|k|M|n|u][+aalign][+f][+l[label]][+u]
Draws a simple map scale centered on the reference point
specified using one of four coordinate systems: (1) Use -Dg for
map (user) coordinates, (2) use -Dj or -DJ for setting refpoint
via a 2-char justification code that refers to the (invisible)
map domain rectangle, (3) use -Dn for normalized (0-1)
coordinates, or (4) use -Dx for plot coordinates (inches, cm,
etc.). Scale is calculated for latitude slat (optionally supply
longitude slon for oblique projections [Default is central
meridian]), length is in km, or append unit from e|f|k|M|n|u.
Change the label alignment with +aalign (choose among l(eft),
r(ight), t(op), and b(ottom)). Append +f to get a "fancy" scale
[Default is plain]. Append +l to select the default label,
which equals the distance unit (meter, foot, km, mile, nautical
mile, US survey foot) and is justified on top of the scale [t].
Change this by giving your own label (append +llabel). Select
+u to append the unit to all distance annotations along the
scale (for the plain scale, +u will instead select the unit to
be appended to the distance length). Note: Use FONT_LABEL to
change the label font and FONT_ANNOT_PRIMARY to change the
annotation font. The height of the map scale is controlled by
MAP_SCALE_HEIGHT, and the pen thickness is set by
MAP_TICK_PEN_PRIMARY. See -F on how to place a panel behind the
scale.
-M Dumps a single multisegment ASCII (or binary, see -bo) file to
standard output. No plotting occurs. Specify one of -E, -I, -N
or -W. Note: if -M is used with -E then -R or the +r modifier
to -E are not required as we automatically determine the region
given the selected geographic entities.
-Nborder[/pen]
Draw political boundaries. Specify the type of boundary and
[optionally] append pen attributes [Default pen: width =
default, color = black, style = solid].
Choose from the list of boundaries below. Repeat option -N as
often as necessary.
1 = National boundaries
2 = State boundaries within the Americas
3 = Marine boundaries
a = All boundaries (1-3)
-O (more ...)
Append to existing PostScript plot.
-P (more ...)
Select "Portrait" plot orientation.
-Q Mark end of existing clip path. No projection information is
needed. Also supply -X and -Y settings if you have moved since
the clip started.
-Sfill|c
Select filling or clipping of "wet" areas. Append the shade,
color, or pattern; or use -Sc for clipping [Default is no fill].
-Td[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[+f[level]][+jjustify][+lw,e,s,n][+odx[/dy]]
-Td draws a map directional rose on the map at the location
defined by the reference and anchor points: Give the reference
point on the map for the rose using one of four coordinate
systems: (1) Use g for map (user) coordinates, (2) use j for
setting refpoint via a 2-char justification code that refers to
the (invisible) map domain rectangle, (3) use n for normalized
(0-1) coordinates, or (4) use x for plot coordinates (inches,
cm, etc.) [Default]. You can offset the reference point by
dx/dy in the direction implied by justify. By default, the
anchor point on the scale is assumed to be the center of the
rose (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j followed by a
2-char justification code justify (see pstext). Note: If -Dj is
used then justify defaults to the same as refpoint, if -DJ is
used then justify defaults to the mirror opposite of refpoint.
Add +o to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint
point in the direction implied by justify (or the direction
implied by -Dj or -DJ). Append +wwidthto set the width of the
rose in plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.). Add +f to get a
"fancy" rose, and specify in level what you want drawn. The
default [1] draws the two principal E-W, N-S orientations, 2
adds the two intermediate NW-SE and NE-SW orientations, while 3
adds the eight minor orientations WNW-ESE, NNW-SSE, NNE-SSW, and
ENE-WSW. Label the cardinal points W,E,S,N by adding +l and
append your own four comma-separated strings to override the
default. See Placing-dir-map-roses and -F on how to place a
panel behind the scale.
-Tm[g|j|J|n|x]refpoint+wwidth[+ddec[/dlabel]]][+ipen][+jjustify][+lw,e,s,n][+ppen][+tints][+odx[/dy]]
-Tm draws a map magnetic rose on the map at the location defined by
the reference and anchor points: Give the reference point on the map
for the rose using one of four coordinate systems: (1) Use g for map
(user) coordinates, (2) use j for setting refpoint via a 2-char
justification code that refers to the (invisible) map domain
rectangle, (3) use n for normalized (0-1) coordinates, or (4) use x
for plot coordinates (inches, cm, etc.) [Default]. You can offset
the reference point by dx/dy in the direction implied by justify.
By default, the anchor point on the scale is assumed to be the
center of the rose (MC), but this can be changed by appending +j
followed by a 2-char justification code justify (see pstext). Note:
If -Dj is used then justify defaults to the same as refpoint, if -DJ
is used then justify defaults to the mirror opposite of refpoint.
Add +o to offset the color scale by dx/dy away from the refpoint
point in the direction implied by justify (or the direction implied
by -Dj or -DJ). Append +wwidthto set the width of the rose in plot
coordinates (inches, cm, etc.). Use +d to assign the magnetic
declination and set dlabel, which is a label for the magnetic
compass needle (Leave empty to format a label from dec, or give - to
bypass labeling). With +d, both directions to geographic and
magnetic north are plotted [Default is geographic only]. If the
north label is * then a north star is plotted instead of the north
label. Annotation and two levels of tick intervals for both
geographic and magnetic directions are 30/5/1 degrees; override
these settings by appending +tints, and append six intervals to set
both the geographic and magnetic intervals. Label the cardinal
points W,E,S,N by adding +l and append your own four comma-separated
strings to override the default. Number GMT default parameters
control pens, fonts, and color; see the Placing-mag-map-roses
section in the Cookbook. See -F on how to place a panel behind the
scale.
-U[just/dx/dy/][c|label] (more ...)
Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.
-V[level] (more ...)
Select verbosity level [c].
-W[level/]pen (more ...)
Draw shorelines [Default is no shorelines]. Append pen
attributes [Defaults: width = default, color = black, style =
solid] which apply to all four levels. To set the pen for each
level differently, prepend level/, where level is 1-4 and
represent coastline, lakeshore, island-in-lake shore, and
lake-in-island-in-lake shore. Repeat -W as needed. When
specific level pens are set, those not listed will not be drawn
[Default draws all levels; but see -A].
-X[a|c|f|r][x-shift[u]]
-Y[a|c|f|r][y-shift[u]] (more ...)
Shift plot origin.
-bo[ncols][type] (more ...)
Select native binary output.
-ccopies (more ...)
Specify number of plot copies [Default is 1].
-p[x|y|z]azim/elev[/zlevel][+wlon0/lat0[/z0]][+vx0/y0] (more ...)
Select perspective view.
-t[transp] (more ...)
Set PDF transparency level in percent.
-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then
exits (NOTE: on Windows use just -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the
explanation of any module-specific option (but not the GMT
common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation
of options, then exits.
EXAMPLES
To plot a green Africa with white outline on blue background, with
permanent major rivers in thick blue pen, additional major rivers in
thin blue pen, and national borders as dashed lines on a Mercator map
at scale 0.1 inch/degree, use
gmt pscoast -R-30/30/-40/40 -Jm0.1i -B5 -I1/1p,blue -N1/0.25p,- \
-I2/0.25p,blue -W0.25p,white -Ggreen -Sblue -P > africa.ps
To plot Iceland using the lava pattern (# 28) at 100 dots per inch, on
a Mercator map at scale 1 cm/degree, run
gmt pscoast -R-30/-10/60/65 -Jm1c -B5 -Gp100/28 > iceland.ps
To initiate a clip path for Africa so that the subsequent colorimage of
gridded topography is only seen over land, using a Mercator map at
scale 0.1 inch/degree, use
gmt pscoast -R-30/30/-40/40 -Jm0.1i -B5 -Gc -P -K > africa.ps
gmt grdimage -Jm0.1i etopo5.nc -Ccolors.cpt -O -K >> africa.ps
gmt pscoast -Q -O >> africa.ps
To plot Great Britain, Italy, and France in blue with a red outline and
Spain, Portugal and Greece in yellow (no outline), and pick up the plot
domain form the extents of these countries, use
gmt pscoast -JM6i -P -Baf -EGB,IT,FR+gblue+p0.25p,red+r -EES,PT,GR+gyellow > map.ps
To extract a high-resolution coastline data table for Iceland to be
used in your analysis, try
gmt pscoast -R-26/-12/62/68 -Dh -W -M > iceland.txt
pscoast will first look for coastline files in directory
$GMT_SHAREDIR/coast If the desired file is not found, it will look for
the file $GMT_SHAREDIR/coastline.conf. This file may contain any number
of records that each holds the full pathname of an alternative
directory. Comment lines (#) and blank lines are allowed. The desired
file is then sought for in the alternate directories.
GSHHS INFORMATION
The coastline database is GSHHG (formerly GSHHS) which is compiled from three sources: World Vector Shorelines (WVS), CIA World Data Bank II (WDBII), and Atlas of the Cryosphere (AC, for Antarctica only). Apart from Antarctica, all level-1 polygons (ocean-land boundary) are derived from the more accurate WVS while all higher level polygons (level 2-4, representing land/lake, lake/island-in-lake, and island-in-lake/lake-in-island-in-lake boundaries) are taken from WDBII. The Antarctica coastlines come in two flavors: ice-front or grounding line, selectable via the -A option. Much processing has taken place to convert WVS, WDBII, and AC data into usable form for GMT: assembling closed polygons from line segments, checking for duplicates, and correcting for crossings between polygons. The area of each polygon has been determined so that the user may choose not to draw features smaller than a minimum area (see -A); one may also limit the highest hierarchical level of polygons to be included (4 is the maximum). The 4 lower-resolution databases were derived from the full resolution database using the Douglas-Peucker line-simplification algorithm. The classification of rivers and borders follow that of the WDBII. See the GMT Cookbook and Technical Reference Appendix K for further details.
BUGS
The options to fill (-C -G -S) may not always work if the Azimuthal equidistant projection is chosen (-Je|E). If the antipole of the projection is in the oceans it will most likely work. If not, try to avoid using projection center coordinates that are even multiples of the coastline bin size (1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 degrees for f, h, i, l, c, respectively). This projection is not supported for clipping. The political borders are for the most part 1970s-style but have been updated to reflect more recent border rearrangements in Europe and elsewhere. Let us know if you find something out of date. The full-resolution coastlines are also from a digitizing effort in the 1970-80s and it is difficult to assess the accuracy. Users who zoom in close enough may find that the GSHHG coastline is not matching other data, e.g., satellite images, more recent coastline data, etc. We are aware of such mismatches but cannot undertake band-aid solutions each time this occurs. Some users of pscoast will not be satisfied with what they find for the Antarctic shoreline. In Antarctica, the boundary between ice and ocean varies seasonally and inter-annually. There are some areas of permanent shelf ice. In addition to these time-varying ice-ocean boundaries, there are also shelf ice grounding lines where ice goes from floating on the sea to sitting on land, and lines delimiting areas of rock outcrop. For consistency's sake, we have used the World Vector Shoreline throughout the world in pscoast, as described in the GMT Cookbook Appendix K. Users who need specific boundaries in Antarctica should get the Antarctic Digital Database, prepared by the British Antarctic Survey, Scott Polar Research Institute, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, under the auspices of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. This data base contains various kinds of limiting lines for Antarctica and is available on CD-ROM. It is published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, United Kingdom.
SEE ALSO
gmt, gmt.conf, gmtcolors, grdlandmask, psbasemap
COPYRIGHT
2016, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe
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