version(3perl)
NAME
version - Perl extension for Version Objects
SYNOPSIS
# Parsing version strings (decimal or dotted-decimal)
use version 0.77; # get latest bug-fixes and API
$ver = version->parse($string)
# Declaring a dotted-decimal $VERSION (keep on one line!)
use version; our $VERSION = version->declare("v1.2.3"); # formal
use version; our $VERSION = qv("v1.2.3"); # deprecated
use version; our $VERSION = qv("v1.2_3"); # deprecated
# Declaring an old-style decimal $VERSION (use quotes!)
our $VERSION = "1.0203"; # recommended
use version; our $VERSION = version->parse("1.0203"); # formal
use version; our $VERSION = version->parse("1.02_03"); # alpha
# Comparing mixed version styles (decimals, dotted-decimals, objects)
if ( version->parse($v1) == version->parse($v2) ) {
# do stuff
}
# Sorting mixed version styles
@ordered = sort { version->parse($a) <=> version->parse($b) } @list;
DESCRIPTION
Version objects were added to Perl in 5.10. This module implements
version objects for older version of Perl and provides the version
object API for all versions of Perl. All previous releases before 0.74
are deprecated and should not be used due to incompatible API changes.
Version 0.77 introduces the new 'parse' and 'declare' methods to
standardize usage. You are strongly urged to set 0.77 as a minimum in
your code, e.g.
use version 0.77; # even for Perl v.5.10.0
TYPES OF VERSION OBJECTS
There are two different types of version objects, corresponding to the
two different styles of versions in use:
Decimal Versions
The classic floating-point number $VERSION. The advantage to this
style is that you don't need to do anything special, just type a
number into your source file. Quoting is recommended, as it ensures
that trailing zeroes ("1.50") are preserved in any warnings or other
output.
Dotted Decimal Versions
The more modern form of version assignment, with 3 (or potentially
more) integers separated by decimal points (e.g. v1.2.3). This is
the form that Perl itself has used since 5.6.0 was released. The
leading 'v' is now strongly recommended for clarity, and will throw a
warning in a future release if omitted. A leading 'v' character is
required to pass the "is_strict()" test.
DECLARING VERSIONS
If you have a module that uses a decimal $VERSION (floating point), and
you do not intend to ever change that, this module is not for you.
There is nothing that version.pm gains you over a simple $VERSION
assignment:
our $VERSION = "1.02";
Since Perl v5.10.0 includes the version.pm comparison logic anyways,
you don't need to do anything at all.
How to convert a module from decimal to dotted-decimal
If you have used a decimal $VERSION in the past and wish to switch to a
dotted-decimal $VERSION, then you need to make a one-time conversion to
the new format.
Important Note: you must ensure that your new $VERSION is numerically
greater than your current decimal $VERSION; this is not always obvious.
First, convert your old decimal version (e.g. 1.02) to a normalized
dotted-decimal form:
$ perl -Mversion -e 'print version->parse("1.02")->normal'
v1.20.0
Then increment any of the dotted-decimal components (v1.20.1 or
v1.21.0).
How to "declare()" a dotted-decimal version
use version; our $VERSION = version->declare("v1.2.3");
The "declare()" method always creates dotted-decimal version objects.
When used in a module, you must put it on the same line as "use
version" to ensure that $VERSION is read correctly by PAUSE and
installer tools. You should also add 'version' to the
'configure_requires' section of your module metadata file. See
instructions in ExtUtils::MakeMaker or Module::Build for details.
Important Note: Even if you pass in what looks like a decimal number
("1.2"), a dotted-decimal will be created ("v1.200.0"). To avoid
confusion or unintentional errors on older Perls, follow these
guidelines:
* Always use a dotted-decimal with (at least) three components
* Always use a leading-v
* Always quote the version
If you really insist on using version.pm with an ordinary decimal
version, use "parse()" instead of declare. See the "PARSING AND
COMPARING VERSIONS" for details.
See also version::Internals for more on version number conversion,
quoting, calculated version numbers and declaring developer or "alpha"
version numbers.
PARSING AND COMPARING VERSIONS
If you need to compare version numbers, but can't be sure whether they
are expressed as numbers, strings, v-strings or version objects, then
you should use version.pm to parse them all into objects for
comparison.
How to "parse()" a version
The "parse()" method takes in anything that might be a version and
returns a corresponding version object, doing any necessary conversion
along the way.
* Dotted-decimal: bare v-strings (v1.2.3) and strings with more than
one decimal point and a leading 'v' ("v1.2.3"); NOTE you can
technically use a v-string or strings with a leading-v and only one
decimal point (v1.2 or "v1.2"), but you will confuse both yourself
and others.
* Decimal: regular decimal numbers (literal or in a string)
Some examples:
$variable version->parse($variable)
--------- -------------------------
1.23 v1.230.0
"1.23" v1.230.0
v1.23 v1.23.0
"v1.23" v1.23.0
"1.2.3" v1.2.3
"v1.2.3" v1.2.3
See version::Internals for more on version number conversion.
How to check for a legal version string
If you do not want to actually create a full blown version object, but
would still like to verify that a given string meets the criteria to be
parsed as a version, there are two helper functions that can be
employed directly:
"is_lax()"
The lax criteria corresponds to what is currently allowed by the
version parser. All of the following formats are acceptable for
dotted-decimal formats strings:
v1.2
1.2345.6
v1.23_4
1.2345
1.2345_01
"is_strict()"
If you want to limit yourself to a much more narrow definition of
what a version string constitutes, "is_strict()" is limited to
version strings like the following list:
v1.234.5
2.3456
See version::Internals for details of the regular expressions that
define the legal version string forms, as well as how to use those
regular expressions in your own code if "is_lax()" and "is_strict()"
are not sufficient for your needs.
How to compare version objects
Version objects overload the "cmp" and "<=>" operators. Perl
automatically generates all of the other comparison operators based on
those two so all the normal logical comparisons will work.
if ( version->parse($v1) == version->parse($v2) ) {
# do stuff
}
If a version object is compared against a non-version object, the non-
object term will be converted to a version object using "parse()".
This may give surprising results:
$v1 = version->parse("v0.95.0");
$bool = $v1 < 0.96; # FALSE since 0.96 is v0.960.0
Always comparing to a version object will help avoid surprises:
$bool = $v1 < version->parse("v0.96.0"); # TRUE
Note that "alpha" version objects (where the version string contains a
trailing underscore segment) compare as less than the equivalent
version without an underscore:
$bool = version->parse("1.23_45") < version->parse("1.2345"); # TRUE
See version::Internals for more details on "alpha" versions.
OBJECT METHODS
is_alpha()
True if and only if the version object was created with a underscore,
e.g.
version->parse('1.002_03')->is_alpha; # TRUE
version->declare('1.2.3_4')->is_alpha; # TRUE
is_qv()
True only if the version object is a dotted-decimal version, e.g.
version->parse('v1.2.0')->is_qv; # TRUE
version->declare('v1.2')->is_qv; # TRUE
qv('1.2')->is_qv; # TRUE
version->parse('1.2')->is_qv; # FALSE
normal()
Returns a string with a standard 'normalized' dotted-decimal form with
a leading-v and at least 3 components.
version->declare('v1.2')->normal; # v1.2.0
version->parse('1.2')->normal; # v1.200.0
numify()
Returns a value representing the object in a pure decimal form without
trailing zeroes.
version->declare('v1.2')->numify; # 1.002
version->parse('1.2')->numify; # 1.200
stringify()
Returns a string that is as close to the original representation as
possible. If the original representation was a numeric literal, it
will be returned the way perl would normally represent it in a string.
This method is used whenever a version object is interpolated into a
string.
version->declare('v1.2')->stringify; # v1.2
version->parse('1.200')->stringify; # 1.200
version->parse(1.02_30)->stringify; # 1.023
EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
qv()
This function is no longer recommended for use, but is maintained for
compatibility with existing code. If you do not want to have it
exported to your namespace, use this form:
use version 0.77 ();
is_lax()
(Not exported by default)
This function takes a scalar argument and returns a boolean value
indicating whether the argument meets the "lax" rules for a version
number. Leading and trailing spaces are not allowed.
is_strict()
(Not exported by default)
This function takes a scalar argument and returns a boolean value
indicating whether the argument meets the "strict" rules for a version
number. Leading and trailing spaces are not allowed.
AUTHOR
John Peacock <jpeacock@cpan.org>
SEE ALSO
version::Internals. perl.
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
