mdoc(5)
NAME
mdoc - Mono Documentation XML Format
DESCRIPTION
The assorted Mono documentation programs generate or manipulate XML
files following the mono documentation schema:
mdoc update
Creates or updates mono documentation XML for a set of
assemblies.
mdoc validate
Validates the mono documentation XML against the mono
documentation XML schema.
mdoc assemble
Converts the mono documentation XML within a directory structure
into a set of files for use with monodoc(1).
mdoc export-html
Converts the mono documentation XML within a directory structure
into a set of HTML files that can be viewed with a web browser.
All of these tools (and more) use the common XML schema described in
this man page.
FILE/DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
There are three sets of Mono documentation XML files:
* index.xml: contains a list of all assemblies within the
containing directory, and all types and namespaces within those
assemblies.
* ns-*.xml: There is one ns-*.xml file for each namespace within
the assembly; these files are siblings to index.xml .
Examples of ns-*.xml files include: ns-System.xml, ns-
System.Collections.xml, and ns-.xml (for the root namespace,
though it is recommended to NOT place types into the root
namespace, as monodoc(1) doesn't display them).
The ns-*.xml files contain per-namespace documentation.
* NamespaceName/TypeName.xml: These files are within a dotted
NamespaceName directory, and TypeName is the name of the type.
Examples include: RootType.xml (if the type has no namespace),
System/String.xml, System.Collections/IEnumerable.xml, and
System.Collections.Generic/List`1+Enumerator.xml (the `1 is the
number of generic type parameters the type accepts, and
everything after the + is a nested type).
Thus, typical directory contents would resemble:
index.xml
ns-System.xml
ns-System.Collections.Generic.xml
System/String.xml
System.Collections.Generic/List`1.xml
DOCUMENTATION FORMAT
index.xml File Format
The index.xml file contains a list of the assemblies nested under the
directory containing index.xml and all namespaces and types within
those assemblies. It looks something like this:
<Overview>
<Assemblies>
<Assembly Name="mscorlib" Version="2.0.0.0" />
<!-- other <Assembly/> elements... -->
</Assemblies>
<Remarks>To be added.</Remarks>
<Copyright>To be added.</Copyright>
<Types>
<Namespace Name="System">
<Type Name="String" />
<!-- Other <Type/> elements -->
</Namespace>
<Namespace Name="System.Collections.Generic">
<Type Name="List`1" DisplayName="List<T>" />
<!-- Other <Type/> elements -->
</Namespace>
<!-- other <Namespace/> elements -->
</Types>
<Title>DocTest</Title>
</Overview>
Most of this is maintained automatically, in particular the
/Overview/Assemblies and /Overview/Types elements.
The //Namespace/@Name attribute corresponds to a directory which
contains files named //Type/@Name.xml, while the //Type/@DisplayName
attribute contains a C# type name (if //Type/@DisplayName isn't found,
then //Type/@Name is used as the display name). There should also be a
ns-[//Namespace/@Name].xml file.
There are three elements of interest to authors: /Overview/Remarks,
/Overview/Copyright, and /Overview/Title, which contain assembly-level
documentation. These elements can contain any of the following XML
elements (documented in the Documentation XML Elements section): block,
code, example, list, para, paramref, typeparamref, see, and ul.
ns-*.xml File Format
The ns-*.xml files contain namespace documentation:
<Namespace Name="System">
<Docs>
<summary>To be added.</summary>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
</Docs>
</Namespace>
The /Namespace/Docs/summary and /Namespace/Docs/remarks elements should
contain namespace documentation.
The remarks and summary elements are documented in the Documentation
XML Elements section.
NamespaceName/TypeName.xml File Format
The mono documentation format is similar to the Ecma documentation
format, as described in ECMA-335 3rd Edition, Partition IV, Chapter 7.
The principal difference from the ECMA format is that each type gets
its own file, within a directory identical to the namespace of the
type. There is a lot of information that is maintained automatically
by mdoc(1); Most of the information within the documentation should not
be edited. This includes the type name (/Type/@FullName), implemented
interfaces (/Type/Interfaces), member information
(/Type/Members/Member/@MemberName,
/Type/Members/Member/MemberSignature, /Type/Members/Member/MemberType,
/Type/Members/Member/Parameters, etc.).
<Type Name="DocAttribute" FullName="Mono.DocTest.DocAttribute">
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public class DocAttribute : Attribute" />
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>DocTest</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>0.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Base>
<BaseTypeName>System.Attribute</BaseTypeName>
</Base>
<Interfaces />
<Attributes>
<Attribute>
<AttributeName>System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.All)</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<Docs>
<summary>To be added.</summary>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
</Docs>
<Members>
<Member MemberName=".ctor">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public DocAttribute (string docs);" />
<MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyVersion>0.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="docs" Type="System.String" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="docs">To be added.</param>
<summary>To be added.</summary>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
</Docs>
</Member>
</Members>
</Type>
The only elements that normally need to be edited are children of the
//Docs elements, which usually contain the text To be added. The
/Type/Docs element contains type-level documentation, while the
/Type/Members/Member/Docs element contains per-member documentation.
The //Docs elements can contain the following elements: altcompliant,
altmember, example, exception, param, permission, remarks, returns,
since, summary, threadsafe, typeparam, and value.
Nested types are not members; they are types, and are documented in
their own file. Consequently, the NamespaceName/TypeName.xml files are
not recursive; you do not store a <Type/> element within a <Type/>
element.
Documentation XML Elements
The contents of the Docs element is identical in semantics and
structure to the inline C# documentation format, consisting of these
elements (listed in ECMA-334 3rd Edition, Annex E, Section 2). The
following are used within the element descriptions:
CREF Refers to a class (or member) reference, and is a string in the
format described below in the CREF FORMAT section.
TEXT Non-XML text, and XML should not be nested.
XML Only XML elements should be nested (which indirectly may contain
text), but non-whitespace text should not be an immediate child
node.
XML_TEXT
Free-form text and XML, so that other XML elements may be
nested.
The following elements are used in documentation:
<altmember cref="CREF" />
<altmember/> is a top-level element, and should be nested
directly under the <Docs/> element.
Allows an entry to be generated for the See Also section. Use
<see/> to specify a link from within text.
<altmember cref="P:System.Exception.Message" />
<block subset="SUBSET" type="TYPE">XML_TEXT</block>
Create a block of text, similar in concept to a paragraph, but
is used to create divisions within the text. To some extent, a
<block/> is equivalent to the HTML <h2/> tag.
SUBSET should always be the value "none".
TYPE specifies the heading and formatting to use. Recognized
types are:
behaviors Creates a section with the heading Operation.
note Creates a section with the heading Note:.
overrides Creates a section with the heading Note to Inheritors.
usage Creates a section with the heading Usage.
The block element can contain the following elements: block, c,
code, list, para, paramref, see, subscript, sup, and
typeparamref.
<c>XML_TEXT</c>
Set text in a code-like font (similar to the HTML <tt/>
element).
The c element can contain the following elements: code, para,
paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<code lang="LANGUAGE" src="SOURCE">TEXT</code>
Display multiple lines of text in a code-like font (similar to
the HTML <pre/> element).
LANGUAGE is the language this code block is for. For example,
if LANGUAGE is C#, then TEXT will get syntax highlighting for
the C# language within the Mono Documentation Browser.
SOURCE is only interpreted by mdoc-update(1). If the src
attribute is present when mdoc-update(1) is run, then SOURCE is
a file (relative to mdoc-update(1)'s --out directory) that
should be inserted as the value for TEXT. The contents of TEXT
will be ignored by mdoc-update(1) and replaced on every
invocation. SOURCE can also contain an "anchor", e.g.
src="path/to/file.cs#RegionMarker". If an anchor is present,
and LANGUAGE is C#, then #region RegionMarker will be searched
for, and the contents between the #region and the following
#endregion will be inserted as the value for TEXT element.
<example>XML_TEXT</example>
Indicates an example that should be displayed specially. For
example:
<example>
<para>An introductory paragraph.</para>
<code lang="C#">
class Example {
public static void Main ()
{
System.Console.WriteLine ("Hello, World!");
}
}
</code>
</example>
The example element can contain the following elements: c, code,
list, para, and see.
<exception cref="CREF">XML_TEXT</exception>
Identifies an exception that can be thrown by the documented
member.
<exception/> is a top-level element, and should be nested
directly under the <Docs/> element.
CREF is the exception type that is thrown, while XML_TEXT
contains the circumstances that would cause CREF to be thrown.
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="foo" /> was <see langword="null" />.
</exception>
The exception element can contain the following elements: block,
para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<format type="TYPE">XML_TEXT</format>
The <format/> element is an "escape hatch," for including
(possibly XML) content that is not valid mdoc(5) content. It's
the moral equivalent of perlpod(1) =begin format blocks.
TYPE is the mime type of XML_TEXT. mdoc(5) processors may skip
format/> blocks of they use a type that isn't supported.
For example:
<format type="text/html">
<table width="100%">
<tr><td style="color:red">Hello, world!</td></tr>
</table>
</format>
would cause the embedded HTML <table/> element to be inserted
inline into the resulting HTML document when mdoc-export-html(1)
processes the file. (Likewise, it may be skipped if processed
by another program.)
format/> is intended to simplify importing documentation from
existing documentation sources. It should not be relied upon,
if at all possible.
<list>XML</list>
Create a list or table of items. <list/> makes use of nested
<item>XML</item>, <listheader>XML</listheader>,
<term>XML_TEXT</term>, and <description>XML_TEXT</description>
elements.
Lists have the syntax:
<list type="bullet"> <!-- or type="number" -->
<item><term>Bullet 1</term></item>
<item><term>Bullet 2</term></item>
<item><term>Bullet 3</term></item>
</list>
Tables have the syntax:
<list type="table">
<listheader> <!-- listheader bolds this row -->
<term>Column 1</term>
<description>Column 2</description>
<description>Column 3</description>
</listheader>
<item>
<term>Item 1-A</term>
<description>Item 1-B</description>
<description>Item 1-C</description>
</item>
<item>
<term>Item 2-A</term>
<description>Item 2-B</description>
<description>Item 2-C</description>
</item>
</list>
The item and description elements can each contain text and the
following elements: block, c, para, paramref, see, sup, and
typeparamref.
<para>XML_TEXT</para>
Insert a paragraph of XML_TEXT. For example,
<para>
This is a paragraph of text.
</para>
The para element can contain the following elements: block, c,
example, link, list, onequarter, paramref, see, sub, sup,
typeparamref, and ul.
<param name="NAME">XML_TEXT</param>
<param/> is a top-level element, and should be nested directly
under the <Docs/> element.
Describes the parameter NAME of the current constructor, method,
or property:
<param name="count">
A <see cref="T:System.Int32" /> containing the number
of widgets to process.
</param>
The param element can contain the following elements: block, c,
example, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<paramref name="NAME" />
Indicates that NAME is a parameter.
This usually renders NAME as italic text, so it is frequently
(ab)used as an equivalent to the HTML <i/> element. See the
<exception/> documentation (above) for an example.
<permission cref="CREF">XML_TEXT</permission>
Documents the security accessibility requirements of the current
member.
<permission/> is a top-level element, and should be nested
directly under the <Docs/> element.
CREF is a type reference to the security permission required,
while XML_TEXT is a description of why the permission is
required.
<permission cref="T:System.Security.Permissions.FileIOPermission">
Requires permission for reading and writing files. See
<see cref="F:System.Security.Permissions.FileIOPermissionAccess.Read" />,
<see cref="F:System.Security.Permissions.FileIOPermissionAccess.Write" />.
</permission>
The permission element can contain the following elements:
block, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<remarks>XML_TEXT</remarks>
Contains detailed information about a member.
<remarks/> is a top-level element, and should be nested directly
under the <Docs/> element.
<remarks>
Insert detailed information here.
</remarks>
The remarks element can contain the following elements: block,
c, code, example, list, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<returns>XML_TEXT</returns>
<returns/> is a top-level element, and should be nested directly
under the <Docs/> element.
Describes the return value of a method:
<returns>
A <see cref="T:System.Boolean" /> specifying whether
or not the process can access
<see cref="P:Mono.Unix.UnixFileSystemInfo.FullName" />.
</returns>
The returns element can contain the following elements: c,
format, list, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<see cref="CREF" />, <see langword="LANGWORD" />
Creates a link to the specified member within the current text:
<see cref="M:Some.Namespace.With.Type.Method" />
or specifies that LANGWORD is a language keyword:
<see langword="null" />
<seealso cref="CREF" />
Do not use seealso, use altmember.
<since version="VERSION" />
<since/> is a top-level element, and should be nested directly
under the <Docs/> element.
Permits specification of which version introduced the specified
type or member.
<since version="Gtk# 2.4" />
This generally isn't required, as the
//AssemblyInfo/AssemblyVersion elements track which assembly
versions contain type or member.
<summary>XML_TEXT</summary>
<summary/> is a top-level element, and should be nested directly
under the <Docs/> element.
Provides a (brief!) overview about a type or type member.
This is usually displayed as part of a class declaration, and
should be a reasonably short description of the type/member.
Use <remarks/> for more detailed information.
The summary element can contain the following elements: block,
list, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<typeparam name="NAME">XML_TEXT</typeparam>
<typeparam/> is a top-level element, and should be nested
directly under the <Docs/> element.
This is used to document a type parameter for a generic type or
generic method.
NAME is the name of the type parameter, while XML_TEXT contains
a description of the parameter (what it's used for, what
restrictions it must meet, etc.).
<typeparam name="T">
The type of the underlying collection
</typeparam>
The typeparam element can contain the following elements: block,
c, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
<typeparamref name="NAME">
Used to indicate that NAME is a type parameter.
<value>XML_TEXT</value>
<value/> is a top-level element, and should be nested directly
under the <Docs/> element.
Allows a property to be described.
<value>
A <see cref="T:System.String" /> containing a widget name.
</value>
The value element can contain the following elements: block, c,
example, list, para, paramref, see, and typeparamref.
CREF FORMAT
String IDs (CREFs) are used to refer to a type or member of a type.
String IDs are documented in ECMA-334 3rd Edition, Annex E.3.1. They
consist of a member type prefix, the full type name (namespace + name,
separated by .), possibly followed by the member name and other
information.
Member type prefixes:
C: The CREF refers to a constructor. The (optional) parameter list
is enclosed in parenthesis and follows the type name:
C:System.String(System.Char,System.Int32).
E: The CREF refers to an event. The event name follows the type
name: E:System.AppDomain.AssemblyLoad.
F: The CREF refers to a field. The field name follows the type
name:
F:System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute.SetLastError.
M: Refers to a constructor or method. Constructors may append
.ctor to the type name (instead of using the above C:
constructor format), while methods append the method name and an
(optional) count of the number of generic parameters. Both
constructors and methods may append the method parameter list
enclosed in parenthesis.
Examples: M:System.Object..ctor,
M:System.String..ctor(System.Char[]),
M:System.String.Concat(System.Object),
M:System.Array.Sort``1(``0[]),
M:System.Collections.Generic.List`1..ctor,
M:System.Collections.Generic.List`1.Add(`0).
N: Refers to a namespace, e.g. N:System.
P: Refers to a property. If the property is an indexer or takes
parameters, the parameter types are appended to the property
name and enclosed with paranthesis: P:System.String.Length,
P:System.String.Chars(System.Int32).
T: The CREF refers to a type, with the number of generic types
appended: T:System.String, T:System.Collections.Generic.List`1,
T:System.Collections.Generic.List`1.Enumerator.
To make matters more interesting, generic types & members have two
representations: the "unbound" representation (shown in examples
above), in which class names have the count of generic parameters
appended to their name. There is also a "bound" representation, in
which the binding of generic parameters is listed within '{' and '}' or
'<' and '>'. (Use of '<' and '>' is less common, as within an XML
document their escaped character entities must instead be used, leading
to '<' and '>'.)
Unbound:
* T:System.Collections.Generic.List`1
* T:System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2
Bound:
* T:System.Collections.Generic.List{System.Int32}
* T:System.Collections.Generic.List<System.Int32>
* T:System.Collections.Generic.List<System.Int32>
* T:System.Predicate{System.Action{System.String}}
As you can see, bound variants can be arbitrarily complex (just like
generics).
Furthermore, if a generic parameter is bound to the generic parameter
of a type or method, the "index" of the type/method's generic parameter
is used as the binding, so given
class FooType {
public static void Foo<T> (System.Predicate<T> predicate)
{
}
}
The CREF for this method is M:FooType.Foo``1(System.Predicate{``0}),
``0 is the 0th generic parameter index which is bound to
System.Predicate<T>.
SEE ALSO
mdoc(1), monodocer(1)
MAILING LISTS
Visit http://lists.ximian.com/mailman/listinfo/mono-docs-list for details.
WEB SITE
Visit http://www.mono-project.com for details
mdoc(5)
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