sensors.conf(5)
NAME
sensors.conf - libsensors configuration file
DESCRIPTION
sensors.conf describes how libsensors, and so all programs using it, should translate the raw readings from the kernel modules to real-world values.
SEMANTICS
On a given system, there may be one or more hardware monitoring chips.
Each chip may have several features. For example, the LM78 monitors 7
voltage inputs, 3 fans and one temperature. Feature names are
standardized. Typical feature names are in0, in1, in2... for voltage
inputs, fan1, fan2, fan3... for fans and temp1, temp2, temp3... for
temperature inputs.
Each feature may in turn have one or more sub-features, each
representing an attribute of the feature: input value, low limit, high
limit, alarm, etc. Sub-feature names are standardized as well. For
example, the first voltage input (in0) would typically have
sub-features in0_input (measured value), in0_min (low limit), in0_max
(high limit) and in0_alarm (alarm flag). Which sub-features are
actually present depend on the exact chip type.
The sensors.conf configuration file will let you configure each chip,
feature and sub-feature in a way that makes sense for your system.
The rest of this section describes the meaning of each configuration
statement.
CHIP STATEMENT
A chip statement selects for which chips all following compute, label,
ignore and set statements are meant. A chip selection remains valid
until the next chip statement. Example:
chip "lm78-*" "lm79-*"
If a chip matches at least one of the chip descriptions, the following
configuration lines are examined for it, otherwise they are ignored.
A chip description is built from several elements, separated by dashes.
The first element is the chip type, the second element is the name of
the bus, and the third element is the hexadecimal address of the chip.
Such chip descriptions are printed by sensors(1) as the first line for
every chip.
The name of the bus is either isa, pci, virtual, spi-* or i2c-N with N
being a bus number as bound with a bus statement. This list isn't
necessarily exhaustive as support for other bus types may be added in
the future.
You may substitute the wildcard operator * for every element. Note
however that it wouldn't make any sense to specify the address without
the bus type, so the address part is plain omitted when the bus type
isn't specified. Here is how you would express the following matches:
LM78 chip at address 0x2d on I2C bus 1 lm78-i2c-1-2d
LM78 chip at address 0x2d on any I2C bus lm78-i2c-*-2d
LM78 chip at address 0x290 on the ISA bus lm78-isa-0290
Any LM78 chip on I2C bus 1 lm78-i2c-1-*
Any LM78 on any I2C bus lm78-i2c-*-*
Any LM78 chip on the ISA bus lm78-isa-*
Any LM78 chip lm78-*
Any chip at address 0x2d on I2C bus 1 *-i2c-1-2d
Any chip at address 0x290 on the ISA bus *-isa-0290
If several chip statements match a specific chip, they are all
considered.
LABEL STATEMENT
A label statement describes how a feature should be called. Features
without a label statement are just called by their feature name.
Applications can use this to label the readings they present. Example:
label in3 "+5V"
The first argument is the feature name. The second argument is the
feature description.
Note that you must use the raw feature name, which is not necessarily
the one displayed by "sensors" by default. Use "sensors -u" to see the
raw feature names. Same applies to all other statement types below.
IGNORE STATEMENT
An ignore statement is a hint that a specific feature should be ignored
- probably because it returns bogus values (for example, because a fan
or temperature sensor is not connected). Example:
ignore fan1
The only argument is the feature name. Please note that this does not
disable anything in the actual sensor chip; it simply hides the feature
in question from libsensors users.
COMPUTE STATEMENT
A compute statement describes how a feature's raw value should be
translated to a real-world value, and how a real-world value should be
translated back to a raw value again. This is most useful for voltage
sensors, because in general sensor chips have a limited range and
voltages outside this range must be divided (using resistors) before
they can be monitored. Example:
compute in3 ((6.8/10)+1)*@, @/((6.8/10)+1)
The example above expresses the fact that the voltage input is divided
using two resistors of values 6.8 Ohm and 10 Ohm, respectively. See the
VOLTAGE COMPUTATION DETAILS section below for details.
The first argument is the feature name. The second argument is an
expression which specifies how a raw value must be translated to a
real-world value; `@' stands here for the raw value. This is the
formula which will be applied when reading values from the chip. The
third argument is an expression that specifies how a real-world value
should be translated back to a raw value; `@' stands here for the
real-world value. This is the formula which will be applied when
writing values to the chip. The two formulas are obviously related, and
are separated by a comma.
A compute statement applies to all sub-features of the target feature
for which it makes sense. For example, the above example would affect
sub-features in3_min and in3_max (which are voltage values) but not
in3_alarm (which is a boolean flag.)
The following operators are supported in compute statements:
+ - * / ( ) ^ `
^x means exp(x) and `x means ln(x).
You may use the name of sub-features in these expressions; current
readings are substituted. You should be careful though to avoid
circular references.
If at any moment a translation between a raw and a real-world value is
called for, but no compute statement applies, a one-on-one translation
is used instead.
SET STATEMENT
A set statement is used to write a sub-feature value to the chip. Of
course not all sub-feature values can be set that way, in particular
input values and alarm flags can not. Valid sub-features are usually
min/max limits. Example:
set in3_min 5 * 0.95
set in3_max 5 * 1.05
The example above basically configures the chip to allow a 5% deviance
for the +5V power input.
The first argument is the feature name. The second argument is an
expression which determines the written value. If there is an applying
compute statement, this value is fed to its third argument to translate
it to a raw value.
You may use the name of sub-features in these expressions; current
readings are substituted. You should be careful though to avoid
circular references.
Please note that set statements are only executed by sensors(1) when
you use the -s option. Typical graphical sensors applications do not
care about these statements at all.
BUS STATEMENT
A bus statement binds the description of an I2C or SMBus adapter to a
bus number. This makes it possible to refer to an adapter in the
configuration file, independent of the actual correspondence of bus
numbers and actual adapters (which may change from moment to moment).
Example:
bus "i2c-0" "SMBus PIIX4 adapter at e800"
The first argument is the bus number. It is the literal text i2c-,
followed by a number. As there is a dash in this argument, it must
always be quoted.
The second argument is the adapter name, it must match exactly the
adapter name as it appears in /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-*/name. It
should always be quoted as well as it will most certainly contain
spaces or dashes.
The bus statements may be scattered randomly throughout the
configuration file; there is no need to place the bus line before the
place where its binding is referred to. Still, as a matter of good
style, we suggest you place all bus statements together at the top of
your configuration file.
Running sensors --bus-list will generate these lines for you.
In the case where multiple configuration files are used, the scope of
each bus statement is the configuration file it was defined in. This
makes it possible to have bus statements in all configuration files
which will not unexpectedly interfere with each other.
STATEMENT ORDER
Statements can go in any order, however it is recommended to put `set
fanX_div' statements before `set fanX_min' statements, in case a driver
doesn't preserve the fanX_min setting when the fanX_div value is
changed. Even if the driver does, it's still better to put the
statements in this order to avoid accuracy loss.
VOLTAGE COMPUTATION DETAILS
Most voltage sensors in sensor chips have a range of 0 to 4.08 V. This
is generally sufficient for the +3.3V and CPU supply voltages, so the
sensor chip reading is the actual voltage.
Other supply voltages must be scaled with an external resistor network.
The driver reports the value at the chip's pin (0 - 4.08 V), and the
userspace application must convert this raw value to an actual voltage.
The compute statements provide this facility.
Unfortunately the resistor values vary among motherboard types.
Therefore you have to figure out the correct resistor values for your
own motherboard.
For positive voltages (typically +5V and +12V), two resistors are used,
with the following formula:
R1 = R2 * (Vs/Vin - 1)
where:
R1 and R2 are the resistor values
Vs is the actual voltage being monitored
Vin is the voltage at the pin
This leads to the following compute formula:
compute inX @*((R1/R2)+1), @/(((R1/R2)+1)
Real-world formula for +5V and +12V would look like:
compute in3 @*((6.8/10)+1), @/((6.8/10)+1)
compute in4 @*((28/10)+1), @/((28/10)+1)
For negative voltages (typically -5V and -12V), two resistors are used
as well, but different boards use different strategies to bring the
voltage value into the 0 - 4.08 V range. Some use an inverting
amplifier, others use a positive reference voltage. This leads to
different computation formulas. Note that most users won't have to care
because most modern motherboards make little use of -12V and no use of
-5V so they do not bother monitoring these voltage inputs.
Real-world examples for the inverting amplifier case:
compute in5 -@*(240/60), -@/(240/60)
compute in6 -@*(100/60), -@/(100/60)
Real-world examples for the positive voltage reference case:
compute in5 @*(1+232/56) - 4.096*232/56, (@ +
4.096*232/56)/(1+232/56)
compute in6 @*(1+120/56) - 4.096*120/56, (@ +
4.096*120/56)/(1+120/56)
Many recent monitoring chips have a 0 - 2.04 V range, so scaling
resistors are even more needed, and resistor values are different.
There are also a few chips out there which have internal scaling
resistors, meaning that their value is known and doesn't change from
one motherboard to the next. For these chips, the driver usually
handles the scaling so it is transparent to the user and no compute
statements are needed.
TEMPERATURE CONFIGURATION
On top of the usual features, temperatures can have two specific
sub-features: temperature sensor type (tempX_type) and hysteresis
values (tempX_max_hyst, tempX_crit_hyst etc.).
THERMAL SENSOR TYPES
Available thermal sensor types:
1 PII/Celeron Diode
2 3904 transistor
3 thermal diode
4 thermistor
5 AMD AMDSI
6 Intel PECI
For example, to set temp1 to thermistor type, use:
set temp1_type 4
Only certain chips support thermal sensor type change, and even these
usually only support some of the types above. Please refer to the
specific driver documentation to find out which types are supported by
your chip.
In theory, the BIOS should have configured the sensor types correctly,
so you shouldn't have to touch them, but sometimes it isn't the case.
THERMAL HYSTERESIS MECHANISM
Many monitoring chips do not handle the high and critical temperature
limits as simple limits. Instead, they have two values for each limit,
one which triggers an alarm when the temperature rises and another one
which clears the alarm when the temperature falls. The latter is
typically a few degrees below the former. This mechanism is known as
hysteresis.
The reason for implementing things that way is that high temperature
alarms typically trigger an action to attempt to cool the system down,
either by scaling down the CPU frequency, or by kicking in an extra
fan. This should normally let the temperature fall in a timely manner.
If this was clearing the alarm immediately, then the system would be
back to its original state where the temperature rises and the alarm
would immediately trigger again, causing an undesirable tight fan on,
fan off loop. The hysteresis mechanism ensures that the system is
really cool before the fan stops, so that it will not have to kick in
again immediately.
So, in addition to tempX_max, many chips have a tempX_max_hyst sub-
feature. Likewise, tempX_crit often comes with tempX_crit_hyst.
tempX_emerg_hyst, tempX_min_hyst and tempX_lcrit_hyst exist too but
aren't as common. Example:
set temp1_max 60
set temp1_max_hyst 56
The hysteresis mechanism can be disabled by giving both limits the same
value.
Note that it is strongly recommended to set the hysteresis value after
the limit value it relates to in the configuration file. Implementation
details on the hardware or driver side may cause unexpected results if
the hysteresis value is set first.
BEEPS
Some chips support alarms with beep warnings. When an alarm is
triggered you can be warned by a beeping signal through your computer
speaker. On top of per-feature beep flags, there is usually a master
beep control switch to enable or disable beeping globally. Enable
beeping using:
set beep_enable 1
or disable it using:
set beep_enable 0
WHICH STATEMENT APPLIES
If more than one statement of the same kind applies at a certain moment, the last one in the configuration file is used. So usually, you should put more general chip statements at the top, so you can overrule them below.
SYNTAX
Comments are introduced by hash marks. A comment continues to the end
of the line. Empty lines, and lines containing only whitespace or
comments are ignored. Other lines have one of the below forms. There
must be whitespace between each element, but the amount of whitespace
is unimportant. A line may be continued on the next line by ending it
with a backslash; this does not work within a comment, NAME or NUMBER.
bus NAME NAME NAME
chip NAME-LIST
label NAME NAME
compute NAME EXPR , EXPR
ignore NAME
set NAME EXPR
A NAME is a string. If it only contains letters, digits and
underscores, it does not have to be quoted; in all other cases, you
must use double quotes around it. Within quotes, you can use the
normal escape-codes from C.
A NAME-LIST is one or more NAME items behind each other, separated by
whitespace.
A EXPR is of one of the below forms:
NUMBER
NAME
@
EXPR + EXPR
EXPR - EXPR
EXPR * EXPR
EXPR / EXPR
- EXPR
^ EXPR
` EXPR
( EXPR )
A NUMBER is a floating-point number. `10', `10.4' and `.4' are examples
of valid floating-point numbers; `10.' or `10E4' are not valid.
FILES
/etc/sensors3.conf
/etc/sensors.conf
The system-wide libsensors(3) configuration file.
/etc/sensors3.conf is tried first, and if it doesn't exist,
/etc/sensors.conf is used instead.
/etc/sensors.d
A directory where you can put additional libsensors
configuration files. Files found in this directory will be
processed in alphabetical order after the default configuration
file. Files with names that start with a dot are ignored.
SEE ALSO
libsensors(3)
AUTHOR
Frodo Looijaard and the lm_sensors group http://www.lm-sensors.org/
Opportunity
Personal Opportunity - Free software gives you access to billions of dollars of software at no cost. Use this software for your business, personal use or to develop a profitable skill. Access to source code provides access to a level of capabilities/information that companies protect though copyrights. Open source is a core component of the Internet and it is available to you. Leverage the billions of dollars in resources and capabilities to build a career, establish a business or change the world. The potential is endless for those who understand the opportunity.
Business Opportunity - Goldman Sachs, IBM and countless large corporations are leveraging open source to reduce costs, develop products and increase their bottom lines. Learn what these companies know about open source and how open source can give you the advantage.
Free Software
Free Software provides computer programs and capabilities at no cost but more importantly, it provides the freedom to run, edit, contribute to, and share the software. The importance of free software is a matter of access, not price. Software at no cost is a benefit but ownership rights to the software and source code is far more significant.
Free Office Software - The Libre Office suite provides top desktop productivity tools for free. This includes, a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation engine, drawing and flowcharting, database and math applications. Libre Office is available for Linux or Windows.
Free Books
The Free Books Library is a collection of thousands of the most popular public domain books in an online readable format. The collection includes great classical literature and more recent works where the U.S. copyright has expired. These books are yours to read and use without restrictions.
Source Code - Want to change a program or know how it works? Open Source provides the source code for its programs so that anyone can use, modify or learn how to write those programs themselves. Visit the GNU source code repositories to download the source.
Education
Study at Harvard, Stanford or MIT - Open edX provides free online courses from Harvard, MIT, Columbia, UC Berkeley and other top Universities. Hundreds of courses for almost all major subjects and course levels. Open edx also offers some paid courses and selected certifications.
Linux Manual Pages - A man or manual page is a form of software documentation found on Linux/Unix operating systems. Topics covered include computer programs (including library and system calls), formal standards and conventions, and even abstract concepts.
