fd(1)
NAME
fd - file & directory maintenance tool
SYNOPSIS
fd [ -abCefhiklmNnPrSsTtuvx ] [ -NAME=value ] [ directory [ directory2 ... ]] fdsh [ -abCcefhiklmNnPrSsTtuvx ] [ args ]
DESCRIPTION
Fd is a file & directory maintenance tool considered for the text
terminals on general UNIX. It aims for a clone of the same named
utility which is made for the PC/AT compatible machine and PC-9800
series. In fact, it is upper compatible functionally.
Fd shows the browser screen listing files when you have invoked it.
You can input some key which is bound each command, to execute various
operations.
(In the following description, (UNIX) means that the operation is
implemented only on UNIX version and not effective on MS-DOS version.
As well as it, (DOS) means that the operation is implemented only on
MS-DOS version.)
Options
The command line option is used for setting internal shell operations
and setting the internal variables described below. You can use any
variable name as the internal variable, but fd can accept only those
which are described in the below section of ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES. If
you specify directory, the current directory is moved to the directory
initially. If you specify directory2 ..., the split window mode is
invoked, and the current directories of the supplemental windows are
moved to the each directory.
The following options are available for the internal shell.
-c string
Commands described by string are executed and exit immediately.
It is effective only when it is invoked as fdsh.
-i If the -i flag is present or if the standard input/output is a
terminal, the shell is the interactive shell.
-s If the -s flag is present or if no args is specified, commands
for the shell are read from the standard input. Any remaining
argument specifies the positional parameter.
-r The shell is a restricted shell. Specifically, the following
operations are disallowed.
changing the current directory
setting the value of $PATH, $SHELL and $ENV
specifying command names include /
redirecting output (> and >>)
IN_DIR OUT_DIR LOG_TOP
LOG_DIR ATTR_FILE COPY_FILE
MOVE_FILE DELETE_FILE DELETE_DIR
RENAME_FILE MAKE_DIR WRITE_DIR
TREE_DIR BACKUP_TAPE EDIT_FILE
UNPACK_FILE PACK_FILE LOG_TREE
COPY_TREE MOVE_TREE UNPACK_TREE
FIND_DIR ATTR_DIR
When invoked as rfd or rfdsh, it becomes this restricted shell
automatically.
-l The shell is a login shell.
-N Reading the initial configuration files is omitted.
In addition, the options described below in the description of set the
builtin command are available.
Screen Layout
Fd has the 3 major screen modes. In the browser screen, you can select
from the file list and execute each command. In the archive browser
screen, files in the archive file are listed separately by directory,
and you can browse as well as the browser screen. In the tree screen,
you can move on the directory tree and select the directory path.
In all screen modes, each 3 lines on the top/bottom of the screen are
used for the various information of fd. The top information lines
sometimes become 4 lines. The screen layout is the following.
line# Description
1 The title line. The clock at the right end is updated every
10 seconds.
2 The information line. It displays information in this order:
the current page (and the total pages), the number of marks
(ant the total marks), the sorted type, the pattern string
for file search.
3 The path line. It displays the fullpath of the current
directory. In the archive browser screen, it displays the
fullpath of the archive file and the current path in the
archive.
2 (optional)
The file size information line. It displays the total size
of the marked files in the directory (and the total size of
all files), the total capacity and the free size of the file
system including the current directory. This line appears by
SIZEINFO the internal variable setting. When this line is
displayed, The information line and the path line are
displayed 1 line under each.
bottom - 2
The stack line. It displays files temporarily which you push
in stack, when arranging files.
bottom - 1
The function line. It displays the operations of function
keys.
bottom The status line. It displays the status of the file on the
cursor position. It also displays warning messages when
command is executed with some troubles.
Internal Commands
You can use the following internal commands on fd. While any user can
change the key binding for these internal commands, here shows the
default key binding. The identifier is used when it is executed from
the command line of EXECUTE_SH command, and when the user defines the
key binding.
Identifier Command Key
CUR_UP Move a cursor up Up
CUR_DOWN Move a cursor down Down
CUR_RIGHT Move a cursor right Right
CUR_LEFT Move a cursor left Left
ROLL_UP Turn ahead to the next page PageDown
ROLL_DOWN Turn back to the prev. page PageUp
CUR_TOP Move a cursor top Beg(<)
CUR_BOTTOM Move a cursor bottom Eol(>)
FNAME_RIGHT Shift right a filename (
FNAME_LEFT Shift left a filename )
ONE_COLUMN Change layout into 1 column 1
TWO_COLUMNS Change layout into 2 columns 2
THREE_COLUMNS Change layout into 3 columns 3
FIVE_COLUMNS Change layout into 5 columns 5
MARK_FILE Mark a file Tab
MARK_FILE2 Mark and move down Space
MARK_FILE3 Mark and move in a page ^Space(^@)
MARK_ALL Mark all files Home(+)
MARK_REVERSE Mark all files reversely End(-)
MARK_FIND Mark the matched files
IN_DIR Change to a sub directory Return
OUT_DIR Change to a parent directory Bs
LOG_TOP Change to a root directory \
REREAD_DIR Reread the current directory ^L
PUSH_FILE Push a file to the stack Del(])
POP_FILE Pop a file from the stack Ins([)
LOG_DIR Change to a logical directory F1(l)
EXECUTE_FILE Execute a file F2(x)
COPY_FILE Copy a file F3(c)
DELETE_FILE Delete a file F4(d)
RENAME_FILE Rename a file F5(r)
SORT_DIR Sort the current directory F6(s)
FIND_FILE Find files F7(f)
TREE_DIR Display the tree screen F8(t)
EDIT_FILE Edit a file F9(e)
UNPACK_FILE Unpack a file F10(u)
ATTR_FILE Change a file attribute F11(a)
INFO_FILESYS Display a file system info. F12(i)
MOVE_FILE Move a file F13(m)
DELETE_DIR Delete a directory F14(D)
MAKE_DIR Make a directory F15(k)
EXECUTE_SH Execute a child process F16(h)
WRITE_DIR Write a displayed directory F17(w)
BACKUP_TAPE Backup into a tape F18(b)
VIEW_FILE View a file F19(v)
PACK_FILE Pack a file F20(p)
LOG_TREE Change directory with tree L
COPY_TREE Copy a file with tree C
MOVE_TREE Move a file with tree M
UNPACK_TREE Unpack a file with tree U
FIND_DIR Find a file recursively F
ATTR_DIR Change attributes recursively A
SYMLINK_MODE Switch the symbolic link mode S
FILETYPE_MODE Switch the file type symbol T
DOTFILE_MODE Switch the dot file display H
FILEFLG_MODE Switch the file flag display O
LAUNCH_FILE Invoke the launcher Return
SEARCH_FORW Search forward a file ^S
SEARCH_BACK Search backward a file ^R
SPLIT_WINDOW Split into the windows /
NEXT_WINDOW Change to the next window ^
WIDEN_WINDOW Widen the current window W
NARROW_WINDOW Narrow the current window N
KILL_WINDOW Kill the current window K
EDIT_CONFIG Invoke the customizer E
HELP_MESSAGE Display a help screen ?
QUIT_SYSTEM Quit from fd Esc(q)
WARNING_BELL Bell for warning
NO_OPERATION Do nothing
The last 2 internal commands are used when you want change the default
key binding to cancel.
Internal Commands Description
The detail of each internal command is the following. Internal
commands with similar function are described together.
Move cursor
Move a cursor.
Turn page
Turn to the previous/next page, when files are not completely
held in a screen. Also if you try to move out of the page with
Cursor move, the page will be turned.
Move to the top/bottom
Move a cursor to the top/bottom of the file list. When the
list is not held in a screen, the page is turned.
Shift filename
Shift the displayed string of filename on the cursor position,
when the filename is longer than the prepared column width. It
is displayed as shifted to right/left by 1 character. The
display of the status line is also shifted simultaneously.
Change layout
Change the number of columns into each value. There are
usually 2 columns per screen. As the column width per file is
changed according to the number of columns, the displayed
information is also changed.
Mark file
Mark the file on the cursor position. You cannot mark any
directory. [Space] marks and moves down a cursor. [^Space]
also marks and moves down a cursor, but doesn't turn the page.
[Home] marks all the files, [End] marks all the files
reversely. [] additionally marks the file which matches the
wildcard. You must input the wildcard string whenever you push
[].
Marked files are used as the target of ATTR_FILE, COPY_FILE,
DELETE_FILE, MOVE_FILE, UNPACK_FILE and the user defined
command macros.
Change directory
[Return] changes the current directory to the directory on the
cursor position. If you want to change it to the parent
directory, you should move a cursor to the file of ".." and
push [Return], or simply push [Bs]. [\] changes the current
directory to the root directory.
Push/pop file stack
[Del] pushes the file on the cursor position to the file stack,
and temporarily deletes the file from the file list screen.
You can push files to the file stack up to 5 files.
[Ins] pops the file from the file stack and insert it on the
cursor position. The last pushed file is popped first. But
this order is expediently displayed in fd, and it is reset by
Directory move.
Redraw screen
Redraw the file list screen by rereading the information of the
current directory. It is useful when some other process
add/delete files, or when something break the screen display.
Moreover, when you use the terminal which doesn't raise
SIGWINCH signal at changing the screen size (like kterm(1) on
HP-UX etc.), you must intentionally redraw after you change the
screen size.
Change logical directory (Logdir)
Change the current directory to the inputted pathname. When
you input the pathname which starts with '/', it means not the
relative move but the absolute move.
When you input the pathname ".", the pathname of the current
directory is adjusted into absolute expression. Except this
case, the current directory always is shown as the virtual
pathname, by reason of a link and so on. When you input the
pathname "?", you can move to the current directory when fd was
invoked. When you input the pathname "-", you can move to the
last visited directory.
Moreover, When you input the pathname "@" in floppy drive, you
can move to the directory on UNIX file system, where you
existed before moving to floppy drive. (UNIX)
(Note: This command is called as "Loddsk" in the original FD on
MS-DOS, which is short for "LOGical DiSK drive". This
"logical" means the drive name prefixed to pathnames, and it is
virtually named against "physical disk drive". On UNIX, since
"logical disk drive" never means pathname nor directory, this
command name "Change logical directory" is not suitable. But
this name is expediently inherited from the original version.)
Execute file (eXec)
Execute the file on the cursor position with some parameters,
as the child process. The cursor position in command line
exists after the filename in case of the executable file, and
before the filename except it. You should fill suitable
parameters or command name in each case. The up/down cursor
keys can provide the command history which you executed before.
On MS-DOS version, the LFN form filename in the command line
which is quoted with the quotation mark " is automatically
replaced into 8+3 form filename before execution. In this
case, when there is the filename described by the string quoted
with ", this string is always replaced into 8+3 form filename
after deleting ", otherwise it is never replaced including ".
Copy file (Copy)
Copy the file on the cursor position to the specified
directory. When the cursor position indicates a directory, its
contents are copied recursively. When some files are marked,
the target is not the file on the cursor position but the
marked files.
When the same named file exists in the destination, you can
select the operation from the following: "Update (by
timestamp)", "Rename (each copied file)", "Overwrite",
"Not_copy_the_same_name", "Forward". If you select "Forward",
you should specify the directory as the destination to forward.
All files which have the same names are moved to the specified
directory.
Delete file (Delete)
Delete the file on the cursor position. No directory can be
deleted. When some files are marked, the target is not the
file on the cursor position but the marked files.
When you don't have write permission on the file, you are
confirmed for security.
Rename file (Rename)
Rename the file on the cursor position. You cannot rename to
the same name as any existent file. When you specify the
pathname with some directory name, it is also moved to the
directory.
Sort file (Sort)
Sort files in the current directory. You can select the sorted
type from the following: "fileName", "Extension", "Size",
"Timestamp", "Length (of filename)", and specify "Up
(incremental order)" or "Down (decremental order)". When the
sorted type before sorting is the one except "No chg (not
sort)", the choice will include "No chg". When you sort after
sorting another sorted type, the previous sorted result is
based in sorting. This sorting has a priority except specified
type, the directory is always precedes any file, except for the
case of "No chg". In case of "Length", files which have the
same filename length are sorted in order of their names.
But this sorting is expediently displayed in fd, and it is
reset by Directory move.
Find file (Find)
Find the files matching the wildcard, and display only them.
The filename which starts with '.' doesn't match the wildcard
which starts with '' nor '?'. If you want to cancel the File
find, you should move the current directory, or do FIND_FILE
again and input a null line.
When the current directory has the files which have the
extension registered to associate with an archive browser, the
string which starts with '/' is used to find not the filename
but the filename in archive files, and only the archive files
which contain matched files are displayed. This function is
available in the archive browser.
After Find file, you can not do WRITE_DIR.
Display tree screen (Tree)
Display the directory tree based on the current directory. You
can select the directory in the tree screen, to move the
current directory.
Edit file (Editor)
Edit the file on the cursor position. The editor is used
referring EDITOR the internal variable, or referring EDITOR the
environment variable when the internal variable is undefined.
Unpack file (Unpack)
Unpack the archive file on the cursor position into the
specified directory. In builtin configuration, you can unpack
only the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa
compressed file. You can describe configurations in the
initial configuration file to support archivers except these.
Change attribute (Attr)
Change the file access mode, the timestamp and the owner/group
of the file on the cursor position. When some files are
marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position but
the marked files. In case of the marked files, you must select
the mode, the timestamp or the owner/group, before changing it
all together.
When you input the mode, cursor keys move a cursor to the
position you want to change, [Space] reverses the attribute on
the position. You should notice that the attribute of the
execution bit is not a binary toggle but a triple toggle, which
includes setuid bit, setgid bit and sticky bit respectively.
If the target is the marked files, [m](Mask) will mask a bit on
the cursor position with '*', to keep the value of the original
file attribute. When you input the timestamp, you move a
cursor to the position you want to change, and input a numeric
value. When you input the owner/group, you move a cursor to
the position for each name, and input a name or a ID value with
[Space]. You can use the completion for a user name and a
group name to input each name. Finally, [Return] executes the
change. You can cancel with [Esc]. Be careful that the limit
check of date is not perfect.
Moreover, [a](Attr), [d](Date), [t](Time), [o](Owner) and
[g](Group) move a cursor to the each beginning of input line.
On the OS which has the attribute of file flags, you can change
the file flags as well as the mode. In this case, [f](Flag)
move a cursor to the beginning of input line of file flags.
But the value of flags which you can change is based on your
permission.
File system information (Info)
Display the information of the specified file system. When the
inputted pathname is not the special file which indicates a
file system, the information of the file system including the
pathname is displayed.
Move file (Move)
Move the file on the cursor position to the specified
directory. When the cursor position indicates a directory, the
directory itself is moved. When some files are marked, the
target is not the file on the cursor position but the marked
files.
When the same named file exists in the destination, you can
select the operation as well as COPY_FILE. When the
destination belongs to the different file system, copy and
delete are just executed continuously.
Delete directory (rmDir)
Delete the directory on the cursor position recursively. When
the directory in a symbolic link, only the link is deleted and
the linked directory has no effect.
Make directory (mKdir)
Make the sub directory on the current directory. When the
inputted sub directory string includes '/', which is the
pathname delimiter, it goes on making directory recursively
until the directory described by the string is finally created.
When you input the pathname which starts with '/', the
directory is made not on the current directory but on the
absolute path described.
Execute child process (sHell)
Execute the inputted command string as the child process, by
handling the internal shell. You can refer the command history
and use automatic LFN replacement, as well as EXECUTE_FILE.
When you push only [Return] without any input, the user shell
which is described by SHELL the internal variable or the
environment variable is invoked. In this case, you should
input "exit" to return to fd. When the value of SHELL is fdsh,
the internal shell is executed as the interactive shell.
However, when there is the same command name as a builtin
command or a internal command, the builtin command or the
internal command are executed instead of the external command.
You can refer the clause of `Builtin Commands' for the details
of the builtin command.
Write directory (Write)
Write the displayed directory. The gap between files on the
directory entry is filled. When it is executed after arranged
by PUSH_FILE, POP_FILE and SORT_DIR, the result is written.
When the displayed directory doesn't belong to the hierarchy
under your home directory, you are confirmed for security
whether if any other user doesn't use the directory. Since it
is insecure, you cannot write the NFS mounted directory and
some special directories.
If you execute the internal command which arranges the file
order, and then try to execute the internal command which will
break that order, you will be confirmed whether if you write
the directory or not, just before the internal command is
executed. For this function, you can write the directory
without intentionally executing this Directory write command.
But when the displayed directory is not under your home
directory, this confirmation is not done.
Backup tape (Backup)
Backup the file on the cursor position into the specified
storage device. When the cursor position indicates a
directory, all of its contents is backuped. When some files
are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position
but the marked files.
Tar(1) is used for backup. When you specify the filename
except special files indicates devices as input of the device
name, the archive file is created with that filename.
View file (View)
View the file on the cursor position. The pager is used
referring PAGER the internal variable, or referring PAGER the
environment variable when the internal variable is undefined.
Pack file (Pack)
Pack the file on the cursor position into the specified archive
file. When the cursor position indicates a directory, all of
its contents is packed into the archive file. When some files
are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position
but the marked files.
According to the extension of the inputted archive file, the
associated archiver is automatically selected. In builtin
configuration, you can pack only the tar file and its
compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You can describe
configurations in the initial configuration file to support
archivers except these.
When you use tar(1), you may sometimes be unable to pack a lot
of files at once, because of the maximum parameter length which
can be given at once. In those case, you can create the
archive file with BACKUP_TAPE.
Operations with tree
[L], [C], [M] and [U] can make you select the pathname from the
directory tree instead of the string input. They execute the
internal command equivalent to LOG_DIR, COPY_FILE, MOVE_FILE
and UNPACK_FILE, respectively.
Find file recursively
Find the file matching the wildcard recursively under the
current directory, and move the directory where the found file
exists. When the cursor position indicates a directory, it
find the file under the directory on the cursor position
instead of the current directory.
You will be confirmed for each matching file whether if you
move or not, and you can select [n](No) unless the target file
is displayed.
Change attributes recursively
Change attributes the directory on the cursor position
revursively. As well as changing attributes of the marked
files, you must select the mode, the timestamp or the
owner/group, before changing it all together with each file
under the directory.
When you input the mode, you should notice that the attribute
of the execution bit is not a triple toggle but a 5-states
toggle, which includes 'X' and '!'. 'X' means setting the bit
only if the object is a directory or some execution bits are
set. '!' also means unsetting the bit only if the object is a
directory or some execution bits are set. [m](Mask) will mask
a bit on the cursor position with '*', to keep the value of the
original file attribute.
Invoke launcher
[Return] executes the operation according to the extension of
the file on the cursor position, unless the cursor position
indicates a directory. In builtin configuration, the archive
browser is registered with the tar file and its compressed file
and the LHa compressed file. You can describe configurations
in the initial configuration file to register launchers except
these.
When the file on the cursor position has the unregistered
extension, it will behave as same as VIEW_FILE. In the archive
browser, the registered launcher is available, so that you can
invoke the archive browser recursively.
Switch symbolic link mode
In case of the symbolic link file, the file information
displayed in the file column and the status line shows not the
status of its referential file but the status of the link
itself. It switches to show the status of the referential
file. (UNIX)
In the mode of showing the status of the referential file,
'S'(Symbolic Link) is displayed on the left end of the function
line.
Switch file type symbol mode
Switch to display the symbol which means the file type after
the filename in the file list, like as the display in -F option
of ls(1). It is toggle to switch if display the symbol or not.
The each symbol means the following.
/ directory
@ symbolic link
executable file
= socket
FIFO
(MS-DOS version and the floppy drive)
/ directory
executable file
= system file
label
In the mode of displaying the file type symbol, 'T'(Type) is
displayed on the left end of the function line.
Switch dot file display mode
Switch not to display the file whose filename starts with '.'
in the file list. It is toggle to switch if display the dot
file or not.
In the mode of not displaying the dot file, 'H'(Hidden) is
displayed on the left end of the function line.
Switch file flag display mode
Switch to display the file flag, which exists in some OS,
instead of the file mode on each file. It is toggle to switch
if display the file flag or the file mode. This is not
available on any OS without the file flag. The each symbol
means the following respectively. (UNIX)
A Archived
N Nodump
a system Append-only
c system unChangeable (immutable)
u system Undeletable
a user Append-only
c user unChangeable (immutable)
u user Undeletable
In the mode of displaying the file flag, 'F'(Flags) is
displayed on the left end of the function line.
Search file
Search the current directory incrementally for the filename,
with moving a cursor. When you execute this command, to switch
to the search mode, a prompt appears in the function line. You
can input the filename in this prompt, and a cursor will move
to the filename matching the string which is already inputted
at that present. [Esc] switches to the normal mode.
Split window
Split the current window. When you split a window in the
normal non-split window mode, it will be the split window mode
in which the screen is split into 2 windows vertically. In the
split window mode, you can operate works individually on each
window. When you split a window in the split window mode, the
current working window is split into 2 windows vertically. You
can make split windows up to 5.
Change window
Change effective window to the next in the split window mode.
When the current window is the last, the first window will be
effective. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective.
Widen window
Widen the current window size in the split window mode, to
narrow the next window size. When the current window is the
last, the first window size will be narrowed. In the non-split
window mode, it is ineffective.
Narrow window
Narrow the current window size in the split window mode, to
widen the next window size. When the current window is the
last, the first window size will be widened. In the non-split
window mode, it is ineffective.
Kill window
Kill the current window in the split window mode, to join it to
the previous window. When the current window is the first, it
will be joined to the last window. If the result number of
windows is one, it will be the non-split window mode. In the
non-split window mode, it is ineffective.
Invoke customizer
Invoke the customizer which interactively changes the
configurations to be set up by the internal variable and the
builtin command. While the configurations which is set up here
is reflected immediately, you must intentionally save
configurations in the customizer if you want to reflect in the
initial configuration file.
Display help
Display the list of the current key bindings and their command
descriptions. When the list is not completely held in a
screen, it prompts for every screen.
In case of the circulated executable binary file, this screen
shows the E-mail address of the circulation manager in the
function line. Please contact here when something will happen.
Quit (Quit)
Quit from fd.
Commands
In EXECUTE_SH and the initial configuration file, you can use the
internal commands described above and the builtin commands described
below, as well as the external commands. With these commands, a
pipeline can consist of one or more commands separated by or &.
connects the standard output of the previous command to the standard
input of the next command. & connects both the standard output and
the standard error output of the previous command to the standard input
of the next command. The exit status of a pipeline is the exit status
of the last command. You can start a pipeline with !, then the exit
status of a pipeline will be the logical NOT of the exit status of the
last command. Moreover, a command list can consist of one or more
pipelines separated by ;, &, &, &&, . This command list can end
with ;, & or &. These separators mean the following.
; Execute commands sequentially.
& Execute commands synchronously, not waiting for the preceding
pipeline to finish. (UNIX)
& Same as &, except to immediately disown the job. (UNIX)
&& Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline
returns a 0 exit status.
Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline
returns a non-0 exit status.
In these command lists, a newline means as same as ;.
The input/output of each command in the command list can be redirected
with the following redirectees. These redirectees can be placed on any
position in the command string.
n<file Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n into
the input from file. If n is omitted, it is regarded as
the standard input is specified.
n>file Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n
into the output to file. If n is omitted, it is regarded
as the standard output is specified. If file doesn't
exist it is created, otherwise it is truncated to 0 length
before output.
n>file Same as >, except to force to overwrite existent files
even if -C option is set by set the builtin command.
n>>file Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n
into the output to file. If n is omitted, it is regarded
as the standard output is specified. If file doesn't
exist it is created, otherwise output is appended to it.
n1<&n2 Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n1
into the input indicated by the file descriptor n2. If n1
is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified.
n1>&n2 Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n1
into the output indicated by the file descriptor n2. If
n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is
specified.
&>file Redirect both the standard output and the standard error
output into the output to file. If file doesn't exist it
is created, otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before
output.
&>file Same as &>, except to force to overwrite existent files
even if -C option is set by set the builtin command.
&>>file Redirect both the standard output and the standard error
output into the output to file. If file doesn't exist it
is created, otherwise output is appended to it.
n<>file Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n into the input/output from/to file. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified.
n><file Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n into the input/output from/to file. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is
specified.
n1<>&n2 Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n1 into the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard input is specified.
n1><&n2 Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n1 into the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard output is specified.
n<-
n<&- Close the input indicated by the file descriptor n. If n
is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified.
n>-
n>&- Close the output indicated by the file descriptor n. If n
is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is
specified.
n<>-
n<>&- Close both the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard input is specified.
n><-
n><&- Close both the input/output indicated by the file
descriptor n. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard output is specified.
n<<[-]word
Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n into
the input which is read up to a input line as same as
word, or to an end of file. If any part of word is
quoted, no input line is evaluated. Otherwise, each input
line is evaluated to expand variables or replace strings.
When you specify -, all tabs on the beginning of input
lines is stripped to be send to a command. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified.
When you specify the file with each redirect, you can describe the
filename as `scheme://host:port' form to open the following TCP
sockets, according to the string of scheme. The authentication of your
OS will restrict specifying the accepting port. (UNIX)
connect://host:port
This socket is connected to the remote host specified by
host with the TCP port number specified by port.
accept://[host][:port]
This socket is accepted to the local host specified by
host with the TCP port number specified by port. If host
is omitted, this socket will be accepted to any host. If
port is omitted, the port within the range determined by
the OS is used.
bind://[host][:port]
This socket is bound to the local host specified by host
with the TCP port number specified by port, preparing
accept the builtin command. If host is omitted, this
socket will be accepted to any host. If port is omitted,
the port within the range determined by the OS is used.
On each command line, the string from '#' to the end of line and a null
line are ignored. When the line ends with '\', it is referred as
continuing into the next line, so that you can split a long line with
this.
Builtin Commands
Fd has the following builtin commands. These builtin commands can be
used in EXECUTE_SH and the initial configuration file.
if list then [elif list then list] ... [else list] fi
The list of if clause and elif clauses are executed in
order, and if each exit status is a 0, then the list of
then clause associated with it is executed and the elif
clauses after it are ignored. If no list of if clause
nor elif clauses return a 0, the list of else clause is
executed. If no list of then clauses nor else clause is
executed, then if returns a 0 exit status.
while list do list done
The list of while clause is executed repeatedly, and
while its exit status is 0, the list of do clause is
executed repeatedly. If the list of do clause is never
executed, then while returns a 0 exit status.
until list do list done
The list of until clause is executed repeatedly, and
while its exit status is NOT 0, the list of do clause is
executed repeatedly. If the list of do clause is never
executed, then until returns a 0 exit status.
for NAME [in value ...] do list done
NAME the internal variable is substituted for values of
value one by one, and list is executed according to the
each value. If in value is omitted, then each positional
parameter is substituted one by one.
case word in [pattern [ pattern] ... ) list ;;] ... esac
The string word is compared with the each pattern, list
associated with the pattern which first matches it is
executed.
(list) Execute list in a sub shell.
{ list; } Execute list in the current shell.
NAME=[value] [com ...]
Define a internal variable which is available only in fd.
It substitutes the value (string) value for NAME the
internal variable. When you describe the command com
after the definition of a variable, com is executed on
the state where this variable is regarded as the
environment variable. In this case, the definition of
NAME is not remain as the environment variable nor the
internal variable.
If value is omitted, the value of NAME the internal
variable is defined as a null. If you want to delete the
definition of a internal variable, use unset the builtin
command.
name() { list; }
Define a function whose body is list, as the name of
name. The defined function can be used in the command
line of EXECUTE_SH and each command macro described
below. You can use the positional parameter $n in each
description of list, which indicates the argument when
the function is invoked. $0 is name itself, and $1-$9
indicates each argument.
Although you cannot omit { } and list, you can omit { }
before/after list which consists of a single command. If
you want to delete the definition of a function, use
unset the builtin command.
!num Execute the command which has the history number
specified with the numeric value num. When num is
negative value, it executes the command which has the
history number as the current history number minus num.
!! Execute the previous command. This is synonym for !-1.
!str Execute the command history which starts with the string
str.
: [arg ...] No effect. But it evaluates arg and performs
redirection.
. file
source file Read and evaluate commands from file. File must exists
on the directory which PATH includes, or be described
with pathname. The each line format is based on the
format of EXECUTE_SH. You can describe this in the file
as nesting.
accept [fd] Accept the connection with the file descriptor indicated
by fd, and the connected socket will be assign to fd of
the same file descriptor. At the same time, the accepted
socket will be closed. When fd is not the redirection as
the form of bind://, this command will be failed. In
comparison with the redirection as the form of accept://,
the shell can receive controls before establishing
connection to negotiate the TCP port number with the
remote host in advance. (UNIX)
If fd is omitted, the connection will be accepted with
the standard input.
addcr [-1] [file]
Output the string read from the file specified by file,
line by line. The newline of each line is unified into
CR-NL (\r\n). It is useful to pipe the output to some
socket.
If file is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input
is specified. If -1 is specified, it will output just 1
line and exit.
alias [name[=com]]
Define a alias whose body is com, as the name of name.
The defined alias can be used in the command line of
EXECUTE_SH and each command macro described below. The
alias substitution is performed recursively.
If com is omitted, the alias of name is displayed. If
both com and name are omitted, all the current alias
definition list is displayed.
arch ext [pack unpack]
Register the archiver command associated with the archive
file which has ext the extension. The pack command is
specified as pack, and the unpack command is specified as
unpack, using the macro representation quoted with ".
When ext starts with /, uppercase/lowercase is ignored in
the comparison of any extension.
If both pack and unpack are omitted, the archiver command
registration for ext the extension is deleted.
bg [job] Continue the execution of the job specified with job in
the background. The following format is available to
specify a job. (UNIX)
%
%+ the current job
%- the previous job
%n the job with job number n
%str the job whose command line starts with str
But, you must describe these % in the command line of
EXECUTE_SH as the duplicated expression, such as %%, for
the reason of the parameter macro function described
below.
If job is omitted, the current job is continued in the
background.
bind c [com1 [com2] [:comment]]
Bind the command com1 to the key c. When you want to
specify a control character for c, you can prefix ^ into
2 characters, such as ^A. When you want to specify a
character with the META key (or the ALT key on MS-DOS
version), you can prefix @ into 2 characters, such as @a.
When you want to specify a function key and a special
key, you can use each identifier described in keymap
command after, such as F10. Or you can describe the
escape sequence, such as \n and \e, and the octal
expression, such as \ooo.
In case of binding the internal command of fd, you can
the command identifier as it is. When you want to define
the internal command with some arguments or define the
command in the macro representation, you should describe
the string quoted with ". If com2 is not omitted, com2
is executed when the cursor position indicates a
directory. When the key c is the function key of F1-F20,
if you describe comment prefixed with : trailing the
command description, you can change the display of
associated part in the function line into comment.
However, note that, with the key binding for the control
key, the configuration in the edit mode described below
is prior to the key binding.
If both com1 and com2 are omitted, the registration of
key binding for the key c is deleted.
break [n] Exit from the loop, it is used in the for statement and
so on. If n is specified, it breaks n levels from the
loop.
browse [-@ file]
browse com [-ftbie arg] [-p com2] [-dn {noprep,loop}] ...
Execute com the command, and invoke the archive browser
who receives its output. You should the macro
representation quoted with " as com. -f, -t, -b, -i and
-e options are the same as the one for launch the builtin
command. In case that multiple coms are specified, the
next com the command is executed one after another when
you select each files in the archive browser, and the
formats and patterns described after each com the command
are adopted. In order to return to the previous level of
archive browser, you should select the file named as ..
or push the key [Bs]. Or you can use QUIT_SYSTEM the
command to escape from all of the archive browsers
invoked by browse. You must describe -f option, except
for the last com the command. When the last com has no
-f option, the command has been just executed instead of
invoking an archive browser, and then will return to the
previous archive browser when it is done.
When you specify -p option, the execution of com2 the
command precedes the execution of the next com the
command when you select a file. While com is executed in
the sub shell for a pipeline, com2 is executed in the
current shell to inherit the values of internal variables
set in this command after com2 has been done. The
filenames which is selected toward this level of archive
browser are held in positional parameters sequentially,
and the last selected filename is held in $1. These
parameters will be newly set whenever you select a file,
so that they are reset in sequential order when you
select the next file even if you replace them with set or
shift the builtin command. -d and -n options specify a
control if the selected file is a directory or not
respectively. When you specify noprep, com2 specified by
-p option is not executed. When you specify loop, you
don't step the next com the command but the same com the
command again.
And when you think troublesome to describe too many
arguments for browse, you can specify file the file in
which some arguments are described with -@ option. You
can describe -@ option in any place of arguments, the
arguments described in file are inserted in the place
where -@ is described. If you specify - as file,
arguments are read from the standard input instead of the
file. You should describe arguments in file with spaces
or newlines as separator. The null line and the line
started with # will be ignored. When you describe -@
option in file, the argument file is referred
recursively.
builtin arg ...
Execute arg as a simple builtin command. When the same
named function is defined, the function will not be
executed.
cd [-LP] [dir]
chdir [-LP] [dir]
Change the current directory in fd to dir. If dir is
omitted, it moves to the directory indicated by HOME the
internal variable. If you specify the pathname as ".",
"?", "-", "@", it behaves like as LOG_DIR.
If -L is specified, the logical pathname following
symbolic links is used. If -P is specified, the physical
pathname following no symbolic links is used. Otherwise,
the physical option for set the builtin command is
effective.
checkid [file ...]
Calculate the unique ID of the specified file and display
it, according to the MD5 algorithm in RFC1321. When you
specify multiple files, the IDs of all specified files
are calculated and displayed. When you specify nothing,
the ID of running fd itself is displayed.
Since this algorithm is guaranteed to be secure, it is
available to confirm the identity of files.
cls Clear the screen.
command [-p | -v | -V] arg ...
Execute arg as a simple command. When the same named
function is defined, the function will not be executed.
If -p is specified, the default value of PATH is used to
search the path. If -v is specified, the absolute path
for arg is displayed instead of executing arg. In this
case, arg the builtin command will cause simply its name.
If -V is specified, verbose description for arg is
displayed as same as type.
continue n Resume the next iteration in the loop, it is used in the
for statement and so on. If n is specified, it resumes
the next iteration in the loop n - 1 levels out of the
loop.
copy [-ABVY-Y] src [-AB] [+ src2 [-AB] [+ ...]] [dest [-AB]]
Copy the file indicated by src into the file or the
directory indicated by dest. When dest indicates a
directory, the filename in the destination is src. If
dest is omitted, it is copied into the current directory.
You can specify multiple source files by describing to
separate them with +, or by using the wildcard. When you
separate them with +, those files are concatenated and
copied. When you use the wildcard, they are copied one
by one in case that the destination is a directory, and
they are concatenated in case that the destination is a
file.
When you specify -A, it is treated as the ASCII text
file. When you specify -B, it is treated as the binary
file. When you specify -V, it is verified to copy. When
you specify -Y, it doesn't prompts for confirming to
overwrite into the destination. When you specify --Y, it
prompts for confirmation before overwriting into the
destination.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an
option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.)
del [-P] file
erase [-P] file
Delete the files indicated by file. You can specify
multiple files by using wildcard.
When you specify -P, it prompts for confirmation before
deleting files.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an
option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.)
dir [-[-]PWSBLV4] [-A[DRHSA-]] [-O[NSEDGA-]] [dir]
List files and sub directories in the directory indicated
by dir. If dir is omitted, the information in the
current directory is listed.
When you specify -P, it prompts for every screen. When
you specify -W, it is listed in the wide view. When you
specify -A, it lists only the files which have the
attribute indicated by the trailing character.
D directory R read only file
H hidden file S system file
A ready to archive - except it
When you specify -O, it sorts with the sorted type
indicated by the trailing character.
N by name S by size
E by extension D by date & time
G directory first A by last access time
- reverse order
When you specify -S, it lists files in all sub
directories. When you specify -B, it displays only names
of files and directories. When you specify -L, it uses
lowercase. When you specify -V, it lists the verbose
information. When you specify -4, it displays year with
4 digits. And you can prefix - to any option letter to
override the option.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an
option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.)
dirs Display the list of the current directory stack. Pushd
and popd the builtin command can load/unload directories
onto the directory stack.
disown [job] Remove the job specified with job from the shell control.
The job to be disowned cannot be controlled by jobs, fg
and bg. If invoked as a login shell, any jobs not to be
disowned will be forced to exit when the shell finish.
(UNIX)
If job is omitted, the current job is removed from the
shell control.
dtype file Display the contents of the file indicated by file.
echo [-nN] [arg ...]
Echo arg to the standard output. When you don't specify
-n, newline is added to output trailing after arg. When
you specify -N, the outputted newline becomes CR-NL
(\r\n). See echo(1) for details.
enable [-n] [arg ...]
Enable arg as a builtin command. When you specify -n, it
is disabled. If arg is omitted, all of the enabled or
disabled builtin commands is listed.
eval [arg ...]
Evaluate arg and execute the results.
evalmacro [arg ...]
Evaluate parameter macros included in arg and execute the
results. Since eval doesn't evaluate any parameter
macro, you should choose them according to uses. When in
the function, you cannot use any parameter macro, then
you need this command to extract parameter macros.
exec [com [arg ...]]
Execute com in place of the execution of fd. You can
specify arg as arguments of com.
exit [n] Exit from fd. When you specify n, it exits with the exit
status n.
export [NAME[=[value]] ...]
Mark NAME the internal variable to be inherited to child
processes as the environment variable. Since then, the
definition of NAME can be referred in any child process.
When you export the undefined internal variable, it
doesn't become the environment variable until the
internal variable is defined. When you want to define
the value at the same time, you should specify value.
If only = is specified and value is omitted, the value of
NAME the environment variable is defined as a null. If
no argument is specified, all of the exported environment
variables is listed. When you want to delete the
definition of the environment variable, you can use unset
the builtin command.
false Only return with a 1 exit status.
fc [-l | -s [old=new ...]] [-nr ] [-e editor] [first [last]]
List or edit command histories. First and last select
the range of command histories. This specification can
be described as a numeric value or a string. A positive
value means the command history number, and a negative
value means the command history which has the history
number as the current history number minus the value. A
string mean the command history which starts with the
string. If -n is specified, command histories are listed
without their history numbers. If -r is specified,
command histories are listed in reverse order. If -e is
specified, the editor named by editor is used to edit
command histories, otherwise the editor specified by
FCEDIT or EDITOR the internal variable is used.
When -l is specified, selected command histories are
listed to the standard output. In this case, omitting
last means to specify the current history number, and
also omitting first means to specify -16.
When -s is specified, the command history selected by
first is executed immediately. In this case, omitting
first means to specify the current history number. The
first occurrence of the string old in the command history
will be replaced by the string new before execution.
When neither -l nor -s is not specified, selected command
histories are edited, and then each edited commands are
executed one by one with display in the standard output.
In this case, omitting last means to specify first, and
also omitting first means to specify the current history
number for both.
fd [directory [directory2]]
Invoke fd from the internal shell. If you specify
directory, the current directory is moved to the
directory initially. If you specify directory2, the
split window mode is invoked, and the current directory
of the supplemental window is moved to the directory.
You can return to the internal shell by QUIT_SYSTEM. It
is effective only when it is invoked as fdsh.
fg [job] Continue the execution of the job specified with job in
the foreground. The following format is available to
specify a job. (UNIX)
%
%+ the current job
%- the previous job
%n the job with job number n
%str the job whose command line starts with str
But, you must describe these % in the command line of
EXECUTE_SH as the duplicated expression, such as %%, for
the reason of the parameter macro function described
below.
If job is omitted, the current job is continued in the
foreground.
getfreq [file]
Output the contents of the translation frequency file,
specified by file, to the standard output for the users
Kana-Kanji translation learning. The output format
provides one record per line, which consists of "Yomi-
Gana", "word" and "frequency" separated by tab. You can
use this output as the argument of setfreq to import the
frequency information. If file is omitted, it is
regarded as the translation frequency file specified by
FREQFILE the internal variable. (UNIX)
getkey [num] Get the key code sequence for the pushed key. It prompts
after executed, and displays the key code sequence for
the key which you push to specify. It continues until
you push any key num times. When num is more than 1
time, you can stop it with pushing [Space]. When num is
0 time, it continues forever until [Space] is pushed.
The displayed sequence can be used as the key code
sequence for keymap command. (UNIX)
If num is omitted, it is regarded as 1 time is specified.
getopts optstr NAME [arg ...]
Used to parse the optional parameters from a sequence of
arg. The valid characters as option is described in
optstr. An option character which needs an argument is
described with following : in optstr. Each time getopts
is invoked, the new option character parsed from arg is
substituted for NAME the internal variable. When the
option has an argument, the argument is substituted for
OPTARG the internal variable. And the index of the next
parameter is substituted for OPTIND the internal variable
every time. The value of OPTIND is initialized to 1
whenever the shell is invoked, another parsing of option
parameters needs initializing OPTIND to 1 manually. If
arg is omitted, positional parameters are parsed to the
optional parameters.
When the end of option is encountered, getopts will exit
with the value of 1. In this case, ? is substituted for
NAME. When an option character which is not included in
optstr is found, an error message is written to the
standard error, then ? is substituted for NAME and
OPTARG is unset. But, if OPTARG is started with :, no
error message is written, and the found option character
is substituted for OPTARG instead. When no argument is
found with the option character which needs an argument,
an error message is written to the standard error, then ?
is substituted for NAME and OPTARG is unset. But, if
OPTARG is started with :, no error message is written,
then the found option character is substituted for OPTARG
instead, and : is substituted for NAME.
hash [-r com ...]
Search the absolute path for com referring to PATH, which
indicates the search path when the external command is
executed, and register the result in the hash table.
When you specify -r instead of com, all the memorized
hash table is discarded. If com is omitted, the hash
table information is listed. hits, cost, command
indicate the number of times the command has been
executed, the measure of the work required to search it
in the search path, and the absolute path for the
command, respectively. When the command is searched in a
relative directory, it is necessary to re-search whenever
the current directory is moved, because it is not
registered as the absolute path. In such command,
trailing hits is displayed.
history [n] List the last n command histories with the history
number.
If n is omitted, all of the memorized command histories
is listed.
jobs List the running jobs. (UNIX)
kconv [-i in] [-o out] [infile [outfile]]
Read from infile and convert its Kanji code from in to
out, and output to outfile. In in and out, you can
specify the string which used in FNAMEKCODE the internal
variable described below. If each of them is omitted, it
is regarded as that the Kanji code specified in compile
is specified. If outfile is omitted, it outputs to the
standard output. If also infile is omitted, it reads
from the standard input. (UNIX)
keymap [c [str]]
Map the sequence str as key code of the special key c.
You can use only the following identifiers as c. (UNIX)
UP Up DOWN Down
RIGHT Right LEFT Left
BEG Begin EOL Eol
HOME Home END End
INS Insert DEL Delete
INSLIN InsLine DELLIN DelLine
PPAGE PageUp NPAGE PageDown
ENTER Enter BS Bs
CLR Clear HELP Help
PLUS + (tenkey) MINUS - (tenkey)
ASTER (tenkey) SLASH / (tenkey)
COMMA , (tenkey) DOT . (tenkey)
EQUAL = (tenkey) RET Return (tenkey)
TK0..TK9 0-9 (tenkey)
F1...F20 function key
You can use the escape sequence in the key code sequence,
such as \n =0x0a and \e =0x1b. You can also use the
octal expression, such as \ooo. You can describe the
control character prefixing ^, such as ^A. ^ itself can
be described as \^.
If str is omitted, the key code sequence for c is
displayed. If both str and c are omitted, all of the
mappings for special keys is listed. When you specify
str as "", the key code mapping for c is canceled.
kill [-l -signal] [pid job ...]
Send the signal indicated by signal to the process
indicated by the process number pid or to the job
indicated by job. Signal is described as a numeric value
or a signal name.
If signal is omitted, SIGTERM is send. When you specify
-l, it lists the signal names which can be used as signal
instead of sending a signal.
launch ext [com [format [top bottom]]]
launch ext com [-f format] [-t top] [-b bottom] [-ie patt]
Register the behavior for ext the extension as the
launcher. You should the macro representation quoted
with " as com. When you register an archive browser, you
should describe the command to list the archived files as
com, and describe the format of the list as format. When
you describe top and bottom, you can specify unnecessary
lines in the list as the number of lines from the
top/bottom line. When ext starts with /,
uppercase/lowercase is ignored in the comparison of any
extension.
If com is omitted, the launcher registration for ext is
canceled.
When you register an archive browser, you can use the
latter form to describe more detailed control. You can
specify multiple formats as candidates with multiple -f
options. These candidates for format are compared in
order of appearance, if no one is matched completely then
the nearest one is adopted. -i and -e options specify
patt the pattern for the line to be ignored and for the
line to be treated as error respectively. When the list
includes unnecessary lines you can specify also top and
bottom, but you must specify lines except top/bottom
lines with -i option. In case that a failure to unpack
files in the archive file causes outputting some strings,
you can specify the strings with -e option. -i and -e
options can specify multiple patterns, and they are
effective if one of them is matched. And you can use a
wildcard in the description for each patt the pattern.
md dir Create the directory dir.
mkdir dir Same as md. (DOS)
newgrp [arg ...]
Execute newgrp(1) in place of the execution of fd. You
can specify arg as arguments of newgrp(1). See newgrp(1)
for details. (UNIX)
login [arg ...]
Execute login(1) in place of the execution of fd. You
can specify arg as arguments of login(1). See login(1)
for details. (UNIX)
logout [n] Exit from a login shell. When you specify n, it exits
with the exit status n.
popd Unload the top directory onto the directory stack, and
change the current directory in fd to the directory.
This command is failed when the directory stack is empty.
printarch [ext]
Print the archiver commands registered for the archive
file which has ext the extension.
If ext is omitted, all of the registered archiver
commands is listed.
printbind [c] Print the command binded to the key c. You can specify
the key as well as bind.
If c is omitted, all of the registered key bindings is
listed, which is defined not as the internal command but
as the command macro. The key bindings of internal
commands can be referred in HELP_MESSAGE.
printdrv [c] Print the device file and the number of
heads/sectors/cylinders of the floppy drive registered
for the drive name c. (UNIX)
If c is omitted, all of the registered floppy drives is
listed.
printlaunch [ext]
Print the command macro registered as the launcher for
ext the extension. When it is registered as the archive
browser, the format for listing is also printed.
If ext is omitted, all of the registered launchers is
listed.
printroman [roman]
Print the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji
IME mode. It means printing the Japanese string bound
for roman the Roman string. (UNIX)
If roman is omitted, all the registered Roman-Kana
translation table is listed.
pushd [dir] Load the current directory onto the directory stack, and
change the current directory in fd to dir. If you
specify the pathname as ".", "?", "-", "@", it behaves
like as LOG_DIR. The physical option for set the builtin
command is effective for symbolic links.
If dir is omitted, change the current directory to the
top directory of the directory stack, and replace it with
the current directory. In this case, this command is
failed when the directory stack is empty.
pwd [-LP] Display the current directory with the absolute
representation. If -L is specified, the logical pathname
following symbolic links is displayed. If -P is
specified, the physical pathname following no symbolic
links is displayed. Otherwise, the physical option for
set the builtin command is effective.
read [-N] [NAME ...]
Read one line from the standard input and substitute that
string for NAME the internal variable. The inputted
string is separated with IFS into some words. When
multiple NAMEs are specified, words are substituted one
by one from the first of line, and all the rest are
substituted for the last NAME. When the number of words
in inputted string is less than the number of NAME, a
null is substituted for the rest of NAME.
If -N is specified, the newline of the line to be read is
regarded as CR-NL (\r\n).
readline [prompt]
Read one line from the terminal input and output that
string to the standard output. When prompt is specified,
the string is displayed on the beginning of input line.
This command differs from read the builtin command in the
terminal input and the line editing. You cannot use the
history as one of the line editing, but can use the
completion for a pathname.
readonly [NAME[=[value]] ...]
Mark NAME the internal variable to be readonly. Since
then, you cannot change the value of NAME. When you want
to define the value at the same time, you should specify
value.
If only = is specified and value is omitted, the value of
NAME the internal variable is defined as a null. If no
argument is specified, all of the readonly internal
variables is listed.
rd dir Delete the directory dir. You cannot delete the non-
empty directory.
rmdir dir Same as rd. (DOS)
ren old new
rename old new
Rename the filename or the directory name old into new.
You can specify the wildcard in old and new to rename the
multiple filenames all together.
rem [arg ...] No effect, same as :.
return [n] Return from a function with the return value specified by
n. If n is omitted, the return value is the exit status
of the last executed command. It cannot be used out of a
function.
savetty [-n] Save the current terminal settings. The saved settings
will be restored when EXECUTE_SH is executed later. In
case that you change terminal settings with stty(1) and
so on, you should save the settings with this command not
to reset settings with the next execution of EXECUTE_SH.
If you change terminal settings and execute this command
not in the same command line, you should notice that this
command will save the reset settings. If -n is
specified, the saved settings will be cleared. (UNIX)
set [--abCefhkmntuvx] [-o option] [arg ...]
List internal variables and functions, without any
argument. When you specify arg, arg is substituted for
the positional parameter $1, $2, ..., $n in order. When
you specify any option, each option means the following.
When you use + instead of -, the option parameter turns
off each option.
-a Export any internal variable automatically when it
is defined.
-b When a background job has been terminated, its
status report will be displayed immediately. there
is no effect when the job control is not enabled.
-C Prevent overwriting to any existent files in
redirection.
-e Exit immediately when any command returns the exit
status except 0.
-f Disable the wildcard expansion.
-h Register any command to the hash table just before
it is executed. The commands used in a function are
read when it is defined, and are registered to the
hash table. The command hash itself is always
valid, if -h option is set or not.
-k Treat all NAME=[value] formed arguments as the
variable definition, while they are not placed on
the beginning of command line string.
-m Enable the job control. This option is valid by
default. (UNIX)
-n Read command inputs but don't execute them.
-o option
The following identifiers are valid in option.
allexport
Same as -a.
autosavetty
Same as -S.
emacs
Same as EDITMODE=emacs.
errexit
Same as -e.
hashahead
Same as -h.
ignoreeof
Any EOF will not terminate the interactive
shell.
keyword
Same as -k.
monitor
Same as -m.
noclobber
Same as -C.
noexec
Same as -n.
noglob
Same as -f.
notify
Same as -b.
nounset
Same as -u.
onecmd
Same as -t.
physical
Same as -P.
ptyshell
Same as -T.
verbose
Same as -v.
vi Same as EDITMODE=vi.
xtrace
Same as -x.
If option is omitted, the values of the current
options are displayed.
-P Cd and pwd the builtin command use the physical
directory structure instead of the logical directory
structure following symbolic links.
-S Execute savetty the builtin command automatically
whenever any command line is processed. The
terminal settings will be saved absolutely unless
you operate the terminal settings intentionally, so
that you should manually adjust the terminal
settings saved accidentally. (UNIX)
-T Invoke fdsh as the pseudo terminal. You cannot
invoke any more pseudo terminals in this mode. It
is effective only if you specify it as the startup
option or in the initial configuration file. It is
effective only if you specify it as the startup
option, when the shell is executed as the non-
interactive shell. It is just ignored when invoked
as fd. (UNIX)
-t Exit immediately after executing the current command
input.
-u Treat the reference of undefined variables as an
error.
-v Display the command inputs whenever they are read.
-x Display the command strings whenever they are
executed.
-- Indicate the end of options. No flag is changed.
setdrv c device hd sc cl
Specify the device file indicated by device for the MS-
DOS floppy drive named as c. At the same time, hd, sc,
cl are specified as the number of
heads(sides)/sectors/cylinders(tracks) in the format
which is treated in the driver of device. In special
case, when you want to treat the
640KB2DD(hd=2/sc=8/cl=80) floppy disk with the driver
which can treat only the 820KB2DD(hd=2/sc=9/cl=80) floppy
disk, you should specify the value adding 100 (108) as
the value of sc. (UNIX)
On the PC-UNIX environment which is worked on PC,
specifying the string HDD or HDD98 instead of hd, sc, cl,
can register the MS-DOS partition on the hard disk for
the PC/AT compatible machine or PC-9800 series. In this
case, You should describe the device file as the device
name prepared per the physical drive unit rather than the
device name prepared per the partition (slice). The MS-
DOS partitions included in the drive unit are
automatically expanded to the drive name after the drive
name c. When no MS-DOS partition is included in the
specified drive unit, this command is ignored. You can
confirm what drive name is valid by printdrv command.
But any hard disk is registered as readonly, for
security.
setfreq [file]
Append the frequency information inputted from the
standard input to the translation frequency file,
specified by file, for the users Kana-Kanji translation
learning. The input format is based on the output format
of getfreq. If you want to replace, rather than to
append, you must remove the translation frequency file in
advance. If file is omitted, it is regarded as the
translation frequency file specified by FREQFILE the
internal variable. (UNIX)
setroman [-c] [-r] [-f file] [roman [kanji]]
Setup the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji
IME mode. It means binding kanji the Japanese string to
roman the Roman string. The part over 4 characters of
roman, the string which consists of 1 byte characters
only, will be ignored. The part over 2 characters of
kanji, the string which consists of multibyte characters
or 1 byte characters, will be ignored. In this case, a
multibyte character is counted as 1 character as well as
a 1 byte character. (UNIX)
If kanji is omitted, the registered binding of the Roman-
Kana translation table for roman the Roman string will be
deleted. When you specify -c, the whole Roman-Kana
translation table will be cleared to be empty. When you
specify -r, all the registered bindings will be reset to
restore the Roman-Kana translation table. When you
specify -f, the file specified by file will be read as
bindings of the Roman-Kana translation table. In this
case, a pair of roman and kanji, which is separated by
spaces, must be described in each line of file. You can
also use the file which contains the output of
printroman.
shift [n] Rename the positional parameters from $n+1 into ones from
$1 in order. The original positional parameters from $1
to $n are discarded. If n is omitted, it is regard as 1
is specified.
socketinfo [-apAP] [fd]
If the file descriptor specified by fd is a socket, the
IP address and the TCP port number of the connected
remote host, and the IP address and the TCP port number
of the connected local host, are outputted to the
standard output. If fd is not a socket, this command
will be failed. (UNIX)
If fd is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified. If -a is specified, only the IP address of
the remote host will be outputted. If -p is specified,
only the TCP port number of the remote host will be
outputted. If -A is specified, only the IP address of
the local host will be outputted. If -P is specified,
only the TCP port number of the local host will be
outputted.
test [expr]
[ expr ] Evaluate the conditional expression expr. See test(1)
for details.
times Display the accumulated user and system time for the
processes which has so far been executed.
trap [com] [n ...]
Read and execute the command com when fd receives the
signal n. If com is omitted, the trap for the signal is
reset. When you specify com as a null, the signal
ignored. When you specify n as 0, the command com is
executed on exit. If both com and n are omitted, all of
the registered traps is listed.
true Only return with a 0 exit status.
type [com ...]
Display how each com would be treated when it is used as
a command name.
ulimit [-SH] [-a -cdflmnstv] n
Set the resource limits for fd and its child processes to
the value indicated by n. You can use the string
unlimited or the numeric value in n, unlimited means the
maximum specifiable value. (UNIX)
When you specify -H, a hard limit is set. When you
specify -S, a soft limit is set. When you don't specify
neither of them, both limits are set. If n is omitted,
the current limit is displayed. When you specify -a, all
of the resource limits is displayed.
When you specify the following options, the each resource
limit is individually set or displayed. If no option is
specified, it is regarded as -f is specified.
-c maximum core file size (in blocks)
-d maximum size of data segment (in KB)
-f maximum file size (in blocks)
-l maximum size of locked in memory (in KB)
-m maximum size of resident set (in KB)
-n maximum number of open file files
-s maximum size of stack segment (in KB)
-t maximum CPU time (in seconds)
-v maximum size of virtual memory (in KB)
umask [nnn] Set the file creation mask to nnn. If nnn is omitted,
the current value of the file creation mask is displayed.
See umask(2) for details.
unalias name Cancel the definition of the alias name. You can use the
wildcard in name, in this case, all of the matched alias
definitions is canceled. When you specify "", all of
the alias definitions is invalid.
unset [NAME ...]
Delete the defined internal variable or function for each
NAME. But the following variable definition cannot be
deleted.
PATH PS1 PS2 IFS
MAILCHECK PPID
unsetdrv c device hd sc cl
Delete the registered floppy drive. Only the
registration with which all of device, hd, sc, cl is
corresponded is deleted, then you should confirm to
delete very well. (UNIX)
When it is registered as HDD or HDD98 in setdrv, you
should describe HDD or HDD98 instead of hd, sc, cl.
wait [pid job]
Wait for the process indicated by pid or for the job
indicated by job, and return its exit status. If both
pid and job are omitted, all running jobs are waited.
(UNIX)
yesno [prompt]
Wait for a input of y or n from the terminal, and then
return 0 when y is inputted, return 255 when n is
inputted. Instead of input of y or n, you can select a
character from displayed [Y/N] with cursor keys and push
[Return] to be regarded as an input of the selected
character. An input of [Space] or [Esc] means the input
of n. When prompt is specified, the string is displayed
before [Y/N].
COMMAND [arg] Execute the internal command COMMAND of fd. You can
describe each command identifier in COMMAND. The
following internal commands can take a parameter argument
arg.
CUR_UP
CUR_DOWN
CUR_RIGHT
CUR_LEFT
ROLL_UP
ROLL_DOWN
WIDEN_WINDOW
NARROW_WINDOW The number of lines, columns, or pages.
RENAME_FILE
PACK_FILE
BACKUP_TAPE The filename.
LOG_DIR
MAKE_DIR
INFO_FILESYS
UNPACK_FILE The directory name.
EXECUTE_SH The command string.
MARK_FIND
FIND_FILE
FIND_DIR The wildcard string.
MARK_ALL 0 will reset the mark of all files, the
other will mark all files.
SORT_DIR The number substituted for SORTTYPE the
internal variable.
EDIT_CONFIG The name of internal variable to be
edited.
~ and $ in the previous registration string are expanded. But these
expansions are restrained in the string quoted with ' instead of ".
Tree Screen
Since representing the whole file system in tree structure takes too
many time, only the directories which are direct ancestors and the
direct sub directories are displayed, first in the tree screen. In the
directories which are direct ancestors, the other sub directories (if
exists) are grouped as "...". These grouped sub directories will be
expanded automatically when a cursor is placed on its position.
The sub directories which are not expanded yet are represented with '>'
trailing the filename, which shows as they are. Such directory is
never expanded until it is required to expand explicitly, then you
should expand it by the following key inputs before moving to any
hidden sub directory.
In the tree screen, the following key inputs are available.
Up, Down Move a cursor.
Right Expand the sub directory on the cursor position.
Tab Expand the sub directory on the cursor position
recursively.
PageUp, PageDown
Move a cursor by half screen.
Home(<), End(>)
Move a cursor to the top/bottom of tree.
? Move a cursor to the current directory.
Bs Move a cursor to the parent directory.
Left Group sub directories of the directory on the cursor
position, or move a cursor to the parent directory.
(, ) Move a cursor to the previous/next directory among the
same level sub directories.
A - Z Move a cursor to the directory whose name starts with
the character or its lowercase.
l Change the directory tree into the specified
directory. Moving to the floppy drive is also
available.
^L Redraw the tree structure.
Return Select the directory.
Esc Cancel.
When directories are recursively expanded, the machine operation is so
late that it maybe seems to freeze. In this case, you can input any
key while operating. If key input is recognized while expanding
directories, expanding has been stopped at that moment in spite of not
finishing. Even if key repeat keeps effective, any operation will be
delayed for this function.
Archive Browser
When the launcher is invoked on the position of the file whose
extension is registered to associate with an archive browser, the
archive browser screen has come. In this screen, you can browse files
in the archive file as well as in the normal directory. But you cannot
use the following internal commands in this screen.
LOG_TOP ATTR_FILE COPY_FILE MOVE_FILE
DELETE_FILE DELETE_DIR RENAME_FILE MAKE_DIR
WRITE_DIR TREE_DIR EDIT_FILE LOG_TREE
COPY_TREE MOVE_TREE FIND_DIR ATTR_DIR
SYMLINK_MODE DOTFILE_MODE FILEFLG_MODE SPLIT_WINDOW
KILL_WINDOW
When you want to register a new archive browser, you must describe the
format listed by the archiver as the following representation. One
format string represents the format for 1 file in the list.
%a Field which indicates a file mode
%u Field which indicates UID of a file
%g Field which indicates GID of a file
%s Field which indicates a file size
%y Field which indicates a file creation year
%m Field which indicates a file creation month
(No concerning if numeric or alphabetical)
%d Field which indicates a file creation day
%w Field which indicates a file creation week (ignored)
%t Field which indicates a file creation time
("HH:MM:SS" form, MM and SS can be lacking)
%p Field which indicates a file creation am/pm
%B Field which indicates a major device ID
%b Field which indicates a minor device ID
%/str/ Field which indicates a type is directory
when this field string is str
(case insensitive)
%!str! 0 or more continuous fields
which consists of the string str
(case insensitive)
%f Field which indicates a filename
%x Field which is needless (ignored)
%% % itself
\n Newline
Space Tab 0 or more characters of spaces or tabs
In this description, the field means the area separated by spaces, tabs
or newlines. When the string which indicates each information is
separated by these characters, you can simply describe the above string
which indicates that field. When the string is separated by another
character, you should describe the above string with that separator.
You can describe to indicate the field length as numeric, such as %10a.
This example means that the field which indicates a file mode consists
of 10 characters. If you describe it with a character * as the field
length instead of numeric, such as %*f, the string to the end of line
is regarded as a field, in which any space and tab will be ignored.
When a field may have the different meanings according to situation,
you should describe it quoted with { }, such as %{yt}. This example
means that this field indicates a creation year or a creation time.
When the information for 1 file consists of multiple lines, you should
place a \n on the position of newline in the format string.
For example, the following are the format strings for the list of some
archivers. While some spaces are used here for easiness to see, these
spaces are not always necessary because any space between fields is
ignored.
`lha l' "%9a %u/%g %s %x %m %d %{yt} %f"
`lha v' (MS-DOS) "%f\n%s %x %x %y-%m-%d %t"
`tar tvf' (BSD) "%9a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"
`tar tvf' (SVR4) "%a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"
If you register archive browsers with above format, in the builtin
command of EXECUTE_SH or in the initial configuration file, you can use
the archive browser which is not prepared by default. But, if you want
to execute or view files in the archive file, you must register the
archiver command for the archive file, too, don't forget this.
On some OS, tar(1) may output the Japanese timestamp when japanese is
substituted for LANG the environment variable. Since fd cannot analyze
the representation like this, you should describe `export LANG=C' in
the initial configuration file, or specify LANG in the description of
listing command, such as `LANG=C tar tvf'.
Floppy Drive (UNIX)
You can access the MS-DOS formatted floppy disk, by representing to
prefix "c:" to the directory name. But, it is necessary to register
the floppy drive and set DOSDRIVE the internal variable which makes
this function effective, in advance.
Each registered drive is distinguished with the drive name. You should
tag the physically different drive as the different drive name. When
the same physical drive supports multiple formats, you can register
each format with the same drive name, or the different drive name each
other. If you tag the same drive name, the justice of the format is
tried in registered order, so that you should register the format which
you often use in the first place.
Each drive of the floppy drive has the its own current directory. The
default value of this is a root directory, and the current directory is
moved back to a root directory again whenever you change a floppy disk.
When you describe the directory name as starting with '/' after ':', it
means the absolute path representation of that drive. If this '/' is
not exist, it means the relative path representation from the current
directory of that drive, don't forget this.
Regrettably, some internal commands like as WRITE_DIR, INFO_FILESYS
cannot support the floppy drive. Some filenames are renamed when they
are copied from UNIX for reason of the filename length limit.
When you use a lowercase letter as the drive name, you can access it as
the floppy drive which can treat the Long File Name (LFN) for MS-
Windows formatted floppy disk. In this case, you can copy a file with
a long filename on UNIX as it is. But, when the UNICODE translation
table fd-unicd.tbl does not exist in the same directory as the invoked
fd exists, any Kanji filename cannot be treated as LFN representation.
Reversely, when you use a uppercase letter as the drive name, LFN is
ignored and 8+3 formed filename is treated. MS-DOS version inherits
this specification by the case of a drive name.
URL Drive (UNIX)
You can access remote services on the network, by representing the URL
string as the directory name. The URL format is
scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/directory/. You can specify ftp
or http as scheme. You can specify the name or IP address of the
remote host as host. You can specify the TCP port number as port. If
port is omitted, the default port number is used. The default port
number for ftp is 21, and the default port number for http is 80. You
can specify account information to connect the remote host as user and
password. If user is omitted, the anonymous FTP connection will be
used with ftp, or you will be queried as needed with http. If password
is omitted, you will be queried as needed. But, it is necessary to set
URLDRIVE the internal variable which makes this function effective, in
advance.
Regrettably, some internal commands cannot support the URL drive, for
the sake of restrictions of the FTP and HTTP protocols or settings of
the host side.
String Input
When you input the string, such as the pathname, the following key
inputs are available. The kind of referred history differs with the
input string required. In the split window mode, the current directory
of another window is always placed on the top of the pathname history.
Left, Right
Move a cursor.
Up, Down Refer the previous histories (only commands and pathnames),
or move a cursor.
Beg Move a cursor to the beginning of string.
Eol Move a cursor to the end of string.
Ins Switch a input method to the insert/overwrite mode. (Default
value is the insert mode.)
Del Delete a character on the cursor position.
Bs Delete a character before the cursor position.
DelLine Delete a string after the cursor position.
InsLine Treat the next input character as it is, effective to input
control characters.
Enter Insert a filename of the file on the cursor position.
PageUp Convert a character on the cursor position to uppercase.
PageDown Convert a character on the cursor position to lowercase.
Tab Complete a pathname, a command name or a variable name on the
cursor position.
When there are two or more completion choices, inputting this
continuously can display the completion choice list. Except
for command line in the internal shell, you can make a choice
from this list with cursor keys and [Return].
^L Redraw the input string.
^S, ^R Search the previous histories (only commands and pathnames)
incrementally.
Return Decide the input, or decide the choice in the completion
choice list.
Esc Cancel.
The inputted string is expanded before evaluation as following. These
expansions are also valid in the string of command macros. But these
expansions are restrained in the string quoted with the quotation mark
'.
~ Indicate your home directory, when it is the beginning of
filename.
~user Indicate user's home directory, when it is the beginning of
filename. (UNIX)
~FD Indicate the directory where the invoked fd is exists, when it
is the beginning of filename.
$NAME
${NAME} Indicate the value of NAME the internal variable or the
environment variable. When both are defined, the internal
variable is prior. When both are undefined, it is replaced a
null. The brace { } separates NAME from its trailing
characters.
When NAME is the following character, it is replaced by the
value substituted automatically by the shell.
0 The executable filename when invoked.
[1-9] The positional parameter.
The all positional parameters which starts from $1.
"$" is replaced by "$1 $2 ...".
@ The all positional parameters which starts from $1.
"$@" is replaced by "$1" "$2" ... .
# The number of positional parameters.
- The option flags which is set by options when invoked or
set the builtin command.
? The exit status of the last executed command.
$ The process number of the current shell.
! The process number of the last executed background
process.
${NAME:-word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the
value, otherwise it is replaced by word.
${NAME:=word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the
value, otherwise word is substituted for NAME the internal
variable, and this expression itself is replaced by word. But
you cannot substitute the value for any positional parameter.
${NAME:?word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the
value, otherwise display word and exit from the shell. If word
is omitted, the string ``parameter null or not set'' is
displayed in its place.
${NAME:+word}
If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by word,
otherwise it is replaced by a null.
${NAME-word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or
the environment variable, it is replaced by the value,
otherwise it is replaced by word.
${NAME=word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or
the environment variable, it is replaced by the value,
otherwise word is substituted for NAME the internal variable,
and this expression itself is replaces by word. But you cannot
substitute the value for any positional parameter.
${NAME?word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or
the environment variable, it is replaced by the value,
otherwise display word and exit from the shell. If word is
omitted, the string ``parameter null or not set'' is displayed
in its place.
${NAME+word}
If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or
the environment variable, it is replaced by word, otherwise it
is replaced by a null.
${#NAME}
It is replaced by the length in characters of the value of NAME
the internal variable or the environment variable. If NAME is
* or @, it is replaced by the number of positional parameters
instead of the length of characters.
${NAME%word}
It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of
the suffix matched by the word pattern is deleted from the
value of NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable. If NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced. ( \ is used instead of % on MS-DOS version.)
${NAME%%word}
It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of
the suffix matched by the word pattern is deleted from the
value of NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable. If NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced. ( \\ is used instead of %% on MS-DOS version.)
${NAME#word}
It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of
the prefix matched by the word pattern is deleted from the
value of NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable. If NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced.
${NAME##word}
It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of
the prefix matched by the word pattern is deleted from the
value of NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable. If NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced.
\c It indicates a character c itself. You can use it when you
want to use the preceding meta-character as a character with no
evaluation, such as ~ or $. You can describe \ itself as "\\".
But, on MS-DOS version, because \ which is used as the pathname
delimiter must be treat as well as the normal character, %c is
expediently used in place of \.
The following is replaced only in the shell which is executed by
EXECUTE_SH and EXECUTE_FILE.
`list` List is executed and this string is replaced by its standard
output.
$(list) List is executed and this string is replaced by its standard
output like as `list`. This differs from `list` in the point
that nested expressions are allowed. And any meta-characters
such as quotes in list are evaluated as it is.
$((expression))
Expression the arithmetic expression is evaluated and this
string is replaced by its result value. You can specify
numeric values, variables and integral calculations with the
following operators in expression.
(unary) (binary)
arithmetic + - + - * / %
boolean ! == != < > <= >= && ||
bit operator ~ & | ^ << >>
parenthesis ( )
?
[
] The string including these letters is pattern-matched with
existent files. When it is matched, it is replaced by all of
the matched filenames which are sorted in alphabetical order.
? Match any single character except /.
Match any 0 or more length string not including /.
Match any 0 or more length string including /.
[...]
Match any one of the characters enclosed by [ ]. When
enclosed characters include -, it matches any character
whose character code is between characters before/after -.
[!...]
Match any one of the characters not enclosed by [ ].
But, when the first character of the filename is ., ?, and
don't match it.
Edit Mode
When you want to use some functions bound to special keys, such as a
cursor key or a scroll key, such a key doesn't exist in some terminals.
In such a case, substituting the string for EDITMODE the internal
variable can make you use some control keys as alternative to these
special keys. Since this alternative key function is prior to the key
binding by the builtin command, the key binding is invalid for the
control characters used as the alternative keys. The prepared edit
modes are the following 3 modes.
emacs
^P = Up ^A = Beg
^N = Down ^E = Eol ^D = Del
^F = Right ^Q = InsLine
^B = Left ^K = DelLine
^V = PageDn ^Y = PageUp ^O = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc ^G = Esc
wordstar
^E = Up ^A = Beg ^V = Ins
^N = Down ^F = Eol ^G = Del
^F = Right ^W = Home ^] = InsLine
^S = Left ^Z = End ^Y = DelLine
^C = PageDn ^R = PageUp ^N = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc
vi Vi mode has the 2 local modes: "insert mode" and "command
mode", and the function of keys are quite different with each
mode. You are in the command mode when you start to input,
then you must input any key among 4 keys which switch to the
insert mode, in order to input normal keys.
(command mode)
k = Up 0 = Beg
j = Down $ = Eol x = Del
l = Right g = Home
h = Left G = End D = DelLine
^F = PageDn ^B = PageUp o = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc
(from command mode to insert mode)
i, : = only switch its mode
I = + Beg
a = + Right A = + Eol
R = overwrite
r = overwrite once
(insert mode)
^V = InsLine Esc = to command mode
This key binding is so particular that it is not suitable for
those who don't use vi editor everyday.
Kana-Kanji IME (UNIX)
You can input strings in the Kana-Kanji IME mode, if you input the key
specified by IMEKEY or select "Kanji" from the pseudo terminal menu.
The translation performance will depend on the Kana-Kanji translation
dictionary fd-dict.tbl. When it does not exist in the same directory
as the invoked fd exists, translation to Kanji will not be available.
The standard installed dictionary file is the Tan-Kanji dictionary,
which can support only the Tan-Kanji translation. The dictionaly such
as the pubdic, which includes the Hinsi information, will bring you the
Tan-Bunsetsu translation. The Ren-Bunsetsu translation is not be
supported.
In the Kana-Kanji IME mode, the following key inputs are available.
Space Trancelate to Kanji, or select the next translation
candidate.
Left, Right
Up, Down Move a cursor in the list of the translation
candidate.
Bs, Del Delete a character before the cursor position.
Tab Toggle Hiragana, Katakana, Hankaku-Kana and the direct
input.
^L Redraw the input string.
Return Decide the translation result.
Esc Cancel.
When you translate the string of the capital 4 digit hexadecimal
prefixed by a capital letter, it is regarded as the hexadecimal showing
the following Kanji code respectively. Then the menu will be displayed
to select Kanji next to the Kanji code number.
S Shift JIS
E EUC-JP
J JIS code (JIS X0208)
K Kuten code
U UNICODE (UCS2)
When you input [Space] in the state where you decide an un-translated
Kana, it is regarded as the initial reading of Kanji. Then the menu
will be desplayed to select Kanji whose reading starts with the Kana.
Parameter Macros
You can use the following parameter macros in the string which is used
for the registration of command macros and for executing command. But,
you cannot use them in the functions, the input file for source
command, and the initial configuration file, then you should use
evalmacro command when you want to use any parameter macro in them.
%C The filename on the cursor position. Or, it indicates the
archive filename, in the macro to register the archiver
command.
%X The filename except its extension on the cursor position. Or,
it indicates the archive filename except its extension, in the
macro to register the archiver command. Only the last one
extension is removed. T, TA, M trailing %X are replaced by %T,
%TA, %M except its extension respectively. On MS-DOS version,
you can describe a trailing S as well as them.
%P The pathname of the current directory.
%K Prompt and return to fd after a command is finished. But, the
meaning of %K is reverse in EXECUTE_FILE and EXECUTE_SH; it
prompts by default and doesn't prompt if %K is specified. You
can never specify to prompt in macros to register the archive
browser of the launcher and macros to register the archiver
command.
%T List marked files separated by spaces as possible. When files
are so many that the command line length exceeds the OS
limitation, the rest of marked files are ignored.
%TA List marked files as well as %T, and repeat the same command
for spilt files to complete all marked files.
%M Execute the same command as many times as marked files, sending
the marked file one by one. It is useful to mark files by
MARK_FIND and execute "mv %M %XM.bak" by EXECUTE_SH.
%N Restrain the filename addition even if the parameter is
omitted.
%R Make you input the additional parameter in executing a macro,
if the length of command string has enough margin. The cursor
position in input is placed on the position of %R in a macro.
But, %R is ignored in macros to register the archive browser of
the launcher, macros to register the archiver command, and
EXECUTE_FILE, EXECUTE_SH.
%S The 8+3 formed filename with which the LFN formed filename on
the cursor position is replaced. You can use it when you use
external commands which can treat only 8+3 formed arguments.
T, TA, M trailing %S can be described as well as %X. (DOS)
%JS The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into Shift JIS. (UNIX)
%JE The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into EUC-JP. (UNIX)
%J7 The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into 7bit JIS. (UNIX)
%J8 The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into 8bit JIS. (UNIX)
%JJ The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into ISO-2022-JP. (UNIX)
%JH The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into HEX. (UNIX)
%JC The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into CAP. (UNIX)
%JU The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into UTF-8. (UNIX)
%JM The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into UTF-8 for Mac OS X. (UNIX)
%JI The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into UTF-8 for iconv, which is used on environments
using iconv-based UTF-8 such as Linux. (UNIX)
%JA The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is
converted into the Kanji code which is used in the pathname
indicated by the string. The variables SJISPATH, EUCPATH, etc.
can specify what kanji code is used in each pathname. (UNIX)
When no filename parameter, such as %C and %T, is taken with the result
to expand parameter macros in a command macro, the filename on the
cursor position is automatically added to the last of expanded string,
as ./filename form. This addition is not done, in case of the input
string for executing command, or when %N macro is specified.
Customize
You can customize fd as the following ways. If you specify some
configuration in multiple ways overlapped, it is prior in this order.
Executing builtin commands with EXECUTE_SH
You can execute builtin commands for each registration for
the internal variable definition, the environment variable
definition, the alias definition, the function definition,
the key binding, the keymap changing, the launcher
registration, the archiver command registration, and the
floppy drive registration.
Customizer
EDIT_CONFIG command is available for the internal variable
definition, the key binding, the keymap changing, the
launcher registration, the archiver command registration,
and the floppy drive registration.
Command line options
You can specify the command line options as `-NAME=value'
form, to define the internal variables.
.fd2rc You can prepare the initial configuration file .fd2rc on
your home directory, to execute the command which is
written in this file, before the startup of fd. You can
describe builtin commands and external commands in it to
set up each configuration. Yet, when fdsh is invoked as a
login shell, .fdshrc is read instead of .fd2rc.
The initial configuration file /etc/fd2rc which is
prepared by a system administrator is read preceding
.fd2rc and .fdshrc. If this file exists, the initial
configurations prepared by a system administrator are
valid unless you intentionally delete them in .fd2rc and
.fdshrc.
(On MS-DOS version, these filenames are $HOME\fd2.rc,
$HOME\fdsh.rc and ~FD\fd2rc.)
Environment variables
Any valid variable name as the internal variable can be
valid to be defined as the environment variable in
advance. But the internal variable is always prior to the
environment variable in fd. When the same named
environment variable is used in another application, you
can also use the name which FD_ is prefixed to each
environment variable for fd only. This environment
variable with FD_ is always prior to the environment
variable without it, then the definition of the
environment variable with FD_ is prior to the definition
of the internal variable without FD_.
Customizer
EDIT_CONFIG command invokes the customizer to set up configurations
interactively. You can select the category with the right/left cursor
key, and select the item with the up/down cursor key, and change its
content with [Return]. When you finish to change, exit from the
customizer with [Esc].
The following categories are prepared.
Variables Change the value of internal variables. The input method
is different with the variable, then you should input
following the guidance on screen.
Key bind Change the command bound to each key. When you newly bind
a command to the key with no binding, you should select
"NewEntry". If you select "Delete bind", the existent key
binding is deleted.
Key map Change the key code mapping for each special key. If you
push [Esc] when you are prompted to push the key, the
existent key mapping is deleted. (UNIX)
Launcher Change the launcher registration for each extension. When
you newly register a launcher for the extension with no
registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input
a null line when you input a command for the launcher, the
existent launcher registration is deleted.
Archiver Change the archiver command registration for each
extension. When you newly register a archiver command for
the extension with no registration, you should select
"NewEntry". If you input a null line both when you input
a command for pack/unpack, the existent archiver command
registration is deleted.
DOS drive Change the floppy drive registration. When you newly
register a floppy drive for the drive name with no
registration, you should select "NewEntry". If you input
a null line when you input a device name, the existent
floppy drive registration is deleted. (UNIX)
Save Save the configurations changed with the customizer into a
file, or cancel configurations to restore to the previous
state.
Cancel Cancel the changed configurations within the
specified categories, and restore to the state
before the customizer is invoked.
Clear Cancel all the configurations within the
specified categories, and restore to the default
state.
Load Load configurations from the specified file.
Save Save all the configurations within the specified
categories to the specified file.
Overwrite Overwrite all the configurations within the
specified categories to the specified existent
file. The original configurations which has
existed in the file are parsed, and the
configuration for the same target is overwritten
at the same place as possible. The
configurations which are not set up at present
and the configurations which are not supported
by the customizer are remains as it is.
When you specify the range of categories, all categories
are selected by default, then you should turn on/off each
selection with [Space] and decide with [Return].
If you try to exit from the customizer without saving after changing
any configuration, you will be confirmed whether if it is right to exit
without saving. While the changed configurations themselves are valid
even if you exit without saving, when you want them to be valid in the
next invoked fd, you must save them into the initial configuration
file.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables are valid in fd. These environment
variables can be valid if they are defined as the internal variables.
You can specify them as the command line options in `-NAME=value' form.
But the variables followed by cannot be use with the prefix FD_ as
the environment variables.
ADJTTY Reset the terminal mode forcedly to the normal state,
when fd is finished. Invoking fd can adjust the terminal
rightly from the state displaying broken characters. Any
value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
ANSICOLOR Colorize the file display. When the terminal which you
use supports the color control escape sequence of ANSI
standard, each file is displayed with color according to
its file type. If the value is 1, it is colorized. If
the value is 2, the background color is forced to be
black, for the case that the foreground color is the same
as the background color and indistinguishable. If the
value is 3, the foreground color is forced to be black.
ANSIPALETTE Specify color palette according to file type when the
file display is colorized. This variable value consists
of a numeric value whose maximum columns are 11 columns.
The number of each column shows a color number, which
specifies the color of file type corresponding with its
column. The following are correspondence of the column
number to the file type.
1 normal file
2 background
3 directory
4 unwritable file
5 unreadable file
6 symbolic link
7 socket (or system file on MS-DOS)
8 FIFO (or label on MS-DOS)
9 block device
10 character device
11 executable file
The following are the meaning of color number specified
on each column.
0 black
1 red
2 green
3 yellow
4 blue
5 magenta
6 cyan
7 white
8 default color for foreground
9 default color for background
The color number 8 is forced to be black, if the value of
ANSICOLOR the variable is 3. The color number 9 is
forced to be black, if the value of ANSICOLOR the
variable is 2.
When the columns are less than 11 or this variable is not
set, the standard color palette will be applied for the
file type corresponding with the following columns. The
standard color palette is described with the above color
number as 89624351888.
AUTOUPDATE Specify the interval in seconds to update automatically
the browser screen or the tree screen. When the key
input idles for the specified seconds, the current
information of file list will be updated. If this value
is 0, the screen will never updated automatically. The
default value is 0.
BASICCUSTOM Limit the internal variables for configuration only to
basic variables in the customizer, to hide advanced
variables. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
CDPATH Specify the search path when an argument of cd the
builtin command does not start with /. You can specify
multiple paths separating with ':'. No search path is
specified by default.
COLUMNS The variable for the columns of a terminal screen. If
some value is set, this value will be replaced
automatically according to changing the screen size. If
no value is set, this value will remain unset.
COMSPEC Specify the shell used to invoke a batch file. If
undefined, the shell defined by SHELL the internal
variable or \COMMAND.COM is used. (DOS)
COPYCMD Specify the default options used by copy the builtin
command.
DEFCOLUMNS Specify the columns displayed in the screen when fd is
invoked. The default value is 2. If you specify the
value except 1, 2, 3 and 5, it is ignored.
DEFKCODE Specify the system default Kanji code. The arguments
passed to external commands invoked from fd will be
converted into the specified Kanji code. When you use
macros such as %C and %JJ, it will be converted into the
Kanji code according to each macro. JIS8, JUNET, HEX,
CAP, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba.
(UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
DIRCOUNTLIMIT Specify the maximum number of files read from the
directory in the tree screen. When the directory trailed
by '>' has no sub directory, the expanded result is not
changed. If the number of files (including directories)
in the directory is within this value, the directory with
no sub directory is not trailed '>' from the first.
Moreover, the file list in the directory displayed on the
right of screen is not displayed over this value. If
this value is 0, you can realize a comfortable operation
speed even in the slow machine. The default value is 50
files.
DIRCMD Specify the default options used by dir the builtin
command.
DIRHIST Specify the maximum number of the directory histories
which can be referred by the directory input line. The
default value is 50. If this value is 0, you can refer
to no directory history.
DIRHISTFILE Specify the name of the directory history file which can
be referred by the directory input line. Unless you
specify it, the directory history is not loaded nor
saved. The default value is not specified.
DIRHISTUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for
the directory history file. It is used only if no
existent file exists. But the mask value set by umask
the builtin command is prior, then actual mask value is
the logical OR of this value and umask value.
DISPLAYMODE Specify the filename display mode of the file list when
fd is invoked. Each of the symbolic link mode, the file
type symbol mode and the dot file display mode can be
selected individually. The default value is 0. The
following are specifiable values.
0 standard
1 SYMLINK
2 FILETYPE
3 SYMLINK & FILETYPE
4 DOTFILE
5 SYMLINK & DOTFILE
6 FILETYPE & DOTFILE
7 SYMLINK & FILETYPE & DOTFILE
Moreover, on the OS which supports the file flag, if you
specify the value adding 8 to each value, you can select
the file flag display mode.
DOSDRIVE Validate the access function to the MS-DOS floppy. If no
floppy drive is registered, this validation cannot make
you access the floppy. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid.
On MS-DOS version, This definition can make you treat the
LFN formed filename in the old DOS before Ver. 6.xx. In
this case, you don't have to register any floppy drive.
the access speed may be slow or some functions may be
restricted for the reason to operate the disk I/O not by
way of OS.
DUMBSHELL Don't use any control sequences to edit command line in
the internal shell. In the internal shell, the cursor
addressing of terminal mode is not valid. In case of
some terminal such as a console terminal, the cursor
addressing cannot work correctly in this terminal mode,
and the editing string is displayed incorrectly. When
this variable is valid, while no control sequence is used
to edit command line, an inefficient cursor addressing
will cause restriction of some functions and failure of
response. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
EDITMODE Specify the edit mode of key input as the string. The
default value is emacs. The value except emacs, wordstar
and vi or null are specified, any control character is
not converted and will be sent as it is.
EDITOR Specify the editor command used for editing files.
ENV Specify the additional initial configuration file when
invoked as fdsh. You must specify its filename as
fullpath. When this variable is set, the initial
configuration file is read after /etc/fd2rc, and before
.fd2rc or .fdshrc. This value will be ignored if your
real and effective UIDs or real and effective GIDs are
different.
FCEDIT Specify the editor command used for fc the builtin
command.
FD_VERSION A version string of the running fd.
FNAMEKCODE Specify the Kanji code for filename. Any filename is
converted into the specified Kanji code at the point of
accessing the file, then you can refer to the file which
has a Kanji filename from another machine on network
which use a different Kanji code. The archive browser
and browse the builtin command also refer the specified
Kanji code. JIS8, JUNET, HEX, CAP, etc. among them are
the Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
FREQFILE Specify the translation frequency file for the users
Kana-Kanji translation learning. If the filename is not
defined, the frequency information will not be saved nor
be referred. The default value is ~/.fd_freq. (UNIX)
FREQUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for
the translation frequency file for the users Kana-Kanji
translation learning. The updated translation frequency
file will be rebuilt, not be overwritten, so that it is
used even if existent file exists. But the mask value
set by umask the builtin command is prior, then actual
mask value is the logical OR of this value and umask
value. (UNIX)
FTPADDRESS Specify the mail address used as the password for
anonymous FTP, when the URL drive connects the FTP host.
The default value is FDclone@. (UNIX)
FTPLOGFILE Specify the filename to which communication logs are
outputted, when the URL drive communicates with the FTP
host. If it is not specified as fullpath nor you don't
prepare the directory in which the log file is stored, no
log will be outputted. (UNIX)
FTPPROXY Specify the URL used as the proxy server, when the URL
drive connects the FTP host. The URL format is
scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]. You can specify
ftp or http as scheme. You can specify account
information to connect the proxy server as user and
password. The default value is not specified. (UNIX)
FUNCLAYOUT Specify the layout of the function line, as the form of n
* 100 + size. N means the number of function keys to be
displayed in the function line. Size means the block
size of function keys to be displayed. The default value
is 1005. (It means 10 function keys will be displayed, 5
of which are grouped.)
HIDEPASSWD Suppress displaying * as a replacement for the inputted
letter, when the URL drive requires you to input a
password. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
(UNIX)
HISTFILE Specify the name of the command history file which can be
referred by EXECUTE_FILE and EXECUTE_SH. Unless you
specify it, the command history is not loaded nor saved.
The default value is ~/.fd_history.
(On MS-DOS version, The default value is $HOME\fd.hst.)
HISTSIZE Specify the maximum number of the command histories which
can be referred by EXECUTE_FILE and EXECUTE_SH. The
default value is 50. If this value is 0, you can refer
to no command history.
HISTUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for
the command history file. It is used only if no existent
file exists. But the mask value set by umask the builtin
command is prior, then actual mask value is the logical
OR of this value and umask value.
HOME Specify the default value when no argument of cd the
builtin command is specified. When invoked as a login
shell, if this variable is specified that directory
becomes the current directory, otherwise your home
directory is automatically defined as this value.
HTMLLOGFILE Specify the filename to which received HTML data log are
outputted, when the URL drive communicates with the HTTP
host. If it is not specified as fullpath nor you don't
prepare the directory in which the log file is stored, no
log will be outputted. (UNIX)
HTTPLOGFILE Specify the filename to which communication logs are
outputted, when the URL drive communicates with the HTTP
host. If it is not specified as fullpath nor you don't
prepare the directory in which the log file is stored, no
log will be outputted. (UNIX)
HTTPPROXY Specify the URL used as the proxy server, when the URL
drive connects the HTTP host. The URL format is
scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]. You can specify
http as scheme. You can specify account information to
connect the proxy server as user and password. The
default value is not specified. (UNIX)
IFS Specify the internal field separators. They are used in
EXECUTE_SH to separate command and arguments. Space, tab
and newline are specified by default.
IGNORECASE Ignore uppercase/lowercase when filenames are compared.
Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
IMEBUFFER Specify whether if the Kana-Kanji translation table is
held on memory or not. It will be fast to translate
strings from Kana to Kanji. You should set this if you
have enough memory. The following are specifiable
values. (UNIX)
0 not hold on memory
1 only the Hinsi information table
2 also includes the index tables
3 hold all tables
IMELEARNING Specify the learning level with the translation frequency
file for the users Kana-Kanji translation learning. The
larger value will increase the importance of the
frequency information. If the value is 0, the frequency
information is only saved, without any reference. The
default value is 16. (UNIX)
IMEKEY Specify the key to toggle the direct input mode and the
Kana-Kanji IME mode when you input some strings. You can
describe the same key name as bind command. The default
value is not specified. (UNIX)
INHERITCOPY Inherit the destination timestamp from the source
timestamp when COPY_FILE command is executed. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
(On MS-DOS version, the destination timestamp is always
inherited, if this variable is effective or not.)
INPUTKCODE Specify the Kanji code for input from keyboard. When the
value except the following is specified, the Kanji code
specified in compile is valid. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
LANGUAGE Specify the language for display character. It means not
only each messages displayed by fd, but also a Kanji code
of filename to be converted. The following is the kind
of languages, it doesn't have to be the string itself and
is enough to contain the string, the value of LANG the
environment variable also can be used. JIS8, JUNET, etc.
among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba.
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
en, C, POSIX English (message only)
default no convert
(On MS-DOS version, only the English is valid.)
LINENO Indicate the current line number. When not in a script
nor function, this value cannot be guaranteed to make
sense. If you unset or reset this value, this variable
will lose its special meaning to be treated as a general
variable.
LINES The variable for the lines of a terminal screen. If some
value is set, this value will be replaced automatically
according to changing the screen size. If no value is
set, this value will remain unset.
LOGFILE Specify the log filename with the level spacified by
LOGLEVEL or ROOTLOGLEVEL. If it is not specified as
fullpath, it will be regarded as the path under your home
directory. You must prepare the directory in which the
log file is stored, because any directories are not
created automatically. The default value is not
specified.
LOGLEVEL Specify the priority for the log contents. The default
value is 0.
0 no log
1 only warning such as writing
2 notice such as changing, and over
3 info. such as refering, and over
>= 4 debug level, and over
The same operation can result as an error to output the
log in the lower priority by 1 level.
LOGSIZE Specify the maximum kilobyte size for the log file
specified by LOGFILE. If the size exceeds this value,
the last log file will be renamed as the filename
followed by the extension .old to create another new log
file. The default value is 1024(1MB). If this value is
0, the log file will not be renamed.
LOOPCURSOR Loop a cursor moving within the same page, when you move
a cursor. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
MAIL Specify the spool filename when the internal shell will
check new mails. If MAILPATH is set, it is prior to
this. (UNIX)
MAILCHECK Specify the interval of checking new mails in seconds,
for the spool files specified by MAILPATH or MAIL. The
default value is 600 seconds. If this value is 0, it
will be checked before each prompt. (UNIX)
MAILPATH Specify the multiple spool filenames, as the list
separated by :, when the internal shell will check new
mails. The any specified files will be checked. Each
filenames can be followed by % and a arrival message of
new mails. The default message is you have mail. (UNIX)
MESSAGELANG Specify the language for display character. The language
of messages specified by this will be prior to the one
specified by LANGUAGE. When the message is Japanese, the
Kanji code will be defined by the value of LANGUAGE. The
following is the kind of languages, it doesn't have to be
the string itself and is enough to contain the string,
the value of LANG the environment variable also can be
used. Otherwise, In case of some additional message
catalogs are prepared, you can specify its extension as
the catalog name for MESSAGELANG to replace messages.
en, C, POSIX English
ja Japanese
default the value of LANGUAGE
MINFILENAME Specify the minimum character length of filename display
area in the file list. When the area enough to be
specified here cannot be obtained, the information is
reduced in the order of UID, GID, timestamp, size. The
default value is 12 characters.
OPTARG An option argument is substituted in getopts the builtin
command.
OPTIND Specify the index of the next parameter in getopts the
builtin command.
PAGER Specify the pager command used for viewing files.
PATH Specify the search path for executing external commands.
You can specify multiple paths separating with ':'.
PPID Indicate the process ID of the parent proccess for fd
which is invoked first. (UNIX)
PRECEDEPATH Specify the file preceding function, which displays only
filenames before obtaining their file information, for
the directory which has a lot of files like as /dev. You
can specify multiple pathnames separating with ':'. You
are enough to specify only the top directory where you
want to realize the file preceding function, then the
file preceding function is valid in all of the
directories under that directory. When the file
preceding function is effective, any files are not sorted
in that directory, and file information is obtained file
by file while waiting the key input. No pathname is
specified by default.
PRECOPYMENU Display the menu in advance, which ask you what do you
want with the same named files and the restricted files,
when you copy, move, or delete multiple files. In case
of too many target files, it avoids the occurrence of
query after waiting for a moment. Any value except 0 and
null effects valid.
PROGRESSBAR Display the progress bar, which indicates the progress,
when you copy, move, or delete files. It needs the time
to calculate the progress, to make the processing time a
little longer than no progress bar. Any value except 0
and null effects valid.
PS1 Specify the prompt string of input line in EXECUTE_SH.
The default value is "$ ". The following escape
sequences are available.
\u username (UNIX)
\h hostname (UNIX)
\H hostname (including domain name) (UNIX)
\w fullpath of current directory
\~ fullpath of current directory
(to simplify home directory with ~)
\W current directory name
\! command history number
\$ if UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ (UNIX)
\[ beginning of non-printing sequence
(terminal control character etc.)
\] ending of non-printing sequence
\e ESC (\033)
\ooo character indicated by the octal ooo
\\ \ itself
PS2 Specify the prompt string when more continuous input is
needed in EXECUTE_SH. The default value is "> ".
PS4 Specify the prompt string with which command strings are
displayed when you do set -x.
PTYINKCODE Specify the Kanji code for the string passed to the
pseudo terminal. The string, which is converted from the
Kanji code specified by INPUTKCODE to the Kanji code
specified by this command, is inputted to any processes
running on the pseudo terminal. This variable has the
individual value for each pseudo terminal, so that you
should change value of the variable on the pseudo
terminal to change the input Kanji code of the pseudo
terminal running already. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
PTYMENUKEY Specify the key to open the pseudo terminal menu while
you are handling the pseudo terminal. You can describe
the same key name as bind command. You can select the
following items in the pseudo terminal menu: "SendAsIs",
"InputCode", "Break", "NextWindow" and "Kanji". Each
item means respectively: sending the pseudo terminal menu
key as is, inputting the key name to be sent, terminating
forcedly the process running in the pseudo terminal,
changing to the next window, invoking the Kana-Kanji IME.
In "InputCode", you can use the key name like as bind
command, and also the Kanji code number used in the Kana-
Kanji IME mode. But you cannot select "NextWindow" in
the non-split window mode. The default value is not
specified. (UNIX)
PTYMODE Use the pseudo terminal to invoke external commands. In
the split window mode, the independent pseudo terminals
for every windows will be opened and enable you to handle
simultaneously multiple external commands via terminals.
If the terminal in use can not provide some functions
required for the terminal emulation, the pseudo terminal
may not work correctly. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid. (UNIX)
PTYOUTKCODE Specify the Kanji code for the string passed from the
pseudo terminal. The string, which is converted from the
Kanji code specified by this command to the Kanji code
specified by LANGUAGE, is displayed from any processes
running on the pseudo terminal. This variable has the
individual value for each pseudo terminal, so that you
should change value of the variable on the pseudo
terminal to change the output Kanji code of the pseudo
terminal running already. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
PTYTERM Specify the value of TERM the environment variable to be
passed to external commands, when you use the pseudo
terminal. Some termcap(5) or terminfo(5) may cause
unexpected behavior of the pseudo terminal, you should
specify the effective terminal name in your environment.
The default value is vt100. (UNIX)
PWD The variable for the current directory with the absolute
representation. If some value is set, this value will be
replaced automatically according to changing the current
directory. If no value is set, this value will remain
unset. If this is passed as an environment variable when
invoked, and this value and the current directory
indicate the same directory logically, then it is used as
the default value for the current directory. It is
useful when you want to specify the logical pathname
following symbolic links.
ROOTLOGLEVEL Specify the priority for the log contents of the super
user. The default value is 1. (UNIX)
0 no log
1 only warning such as writing
2 notice such as changing, and over
3 info. such as refering, and over
>= 4 debug level, and over
The same operation can result as an error to output the
log in the lower priority by 1 level.
RRPATH Display files under the directory mounted by CD-ROM, with
the pseudo ISO 9660 RockRidge Extension, for the OS which
cannot support RockRidge Extension. You can specify
multiple mount points separating with ':'. You are
enough to specify only the top directory mounted by CD-
ROM, then the pseudo RockRidge Extension function is
valid in all of the directories under that directory.
This is no more than a pseudo extension, which only
replaces filenames according to TRANS.TBL, and cannot
handle some CD-ROM which has an inconsistent TRANS.TBL.
No mount point is specified by default.
SAVEDIRHIST Specify the maximum number saved to the directory history
file. The default value is 50. If this value is 0, no
directory history file is saved.
SAVEHIST Specify the maximum number saved to the command history
file. The default value is 50. If this value is 0, no
command history file is saved.
SECOND Display the second in the clock of the title line. But
the clock is adjusted correctly every 10 seconds, and
some gap from the real time will be occurred in this
span. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
SHELL When the filename part of this specified value is rfd or
rfdsh, the shell becomes a restricted shell as well as -r
option when invoked. This variable also specify the
shell which can be invoked from EXECUTE_SH.
SIZEINFO Display the file size information line at the top of
screen. The total size displayed here is not the sum of
bytes but the sum of disk block size occupied actually.
Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
SIZEUNIT Represent the huge file size which overflows the
displayed digit with the prefix of the SI unit, as "KB",
"MB" and so on. Any value except 0 and null effects
valid.
SORTTREE Sort directories in the tree screen. The sorted type
specified by SORT_DIR is used, but they can not be sorted
when it is "by size" or "by timestamp". The directory
included in the current directory path is always placed
on the top of directory tree, with no regard to the
sorted type. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
SORTTYPE The file list in the browser screen is not sorted by
default, but placed in order registered in the directory.
This variable specify it to be sorted by default. The
following are specifiable values.
0 not sort
1 by filename 9 by filename(reverse)
2 by extension 10 by extension(reverse)
3 by size 11 by size(reverse)
4 by timestamp 12 by timestamp(reverse)
5 by length 13 by length(reverse)
100-113 keep the last sorted type
200-213 keep it also in archive browser
If you specify the value of 100-113, it is sorted
according to the value indicated by lower 2 digits just
after invoked, the last specified sorted type is kept
when moving directory. If you specify the value of
200-213, the last sort type will be kept also after
invoking the archive browser.
TERM Specity the terminal name. When this value is dumb,
unknown or un, it is regarded as the dumb terminal to
suppress any escape sequences in the internal shell in
spite of DUMBSHELL. If this value does not exist in
termcap(5) and terminfo(5) entry, it is executable only
when it is invoked as fdsh. The terminal name will be
variable dynamically, then you can re-specify the
suitable one as this value after invoked for some strange
terminal display and key input.
THRUARGS Pass through the pathnames as is, which is specified as
the startup arguments. Fd expands the meta character
such as ~ and ${#} in the given pathname by itself,
because the obsolete low-level shell cannot support these
expansion extended by POSIX. Fd can sometimes expand the
pathname given by the shell into the unexpected string as
a result of duplicate expansion, because the latest high-
level shell generally support these expansion. This
variable will be suppress the expansion of arguments.
Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
TMPDIR Specify the working directory where the archiver command
temporarily unpack files in the archive file. The
default value is /tmp.
(On MS-DOS version, The default value is `.'.)
TMPUMASK Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for
files and directories created temporarily in TMPDIR. But
the mask value set by umask the builtin command is prior,
then actual mask value is the logical OR of this value
and umask value.
TRADLAYOUT Use the traditional screen layout based on the original
"FD". In this layout, the file size information will be
always displayed, whether SIZEINFO is set or not. When
the screen width is less than 80 columns, this
specification is invalid. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid.
UNICODEBUFFER Hold the UNICODE translation table on memory. It will be
fast to access the floppy drive and to translate from/to
UTF-8. You should set this if you have enough memory.
Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
URLDRIVE Validate the function of the URL drive. Any value except
0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
URLKCODE Specify the Kanji code for filename on the host with the
URL drive. JIS8, JUNET, HEX, CAP, etc. among them are
the Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
URLOPTIONS Specify communication options, when the URL drive
communicates with the host. You can select individually
whether if PASV, PORT, MDTM, FEAT each commands for the
FTP communication are limited or not, or whether if the
exact file information is need or not. On the HTTP
protocol, you will get the timestamp and size of files
with some rounding error in bulk. If you need the exact
information, the operations by file will spend the more
communication time. The default value is 0. The
following are specifiable values. (UNIX)
0 standard
1 PASV
2 PORT
3 PASV & PORT
4 MDTM
5 PASV & MDTM
6 PORT & MDTM
7 PASV & PORT & MDTM
8 FEAT
9 PASV & FEAT
10 PORT & FEAT
11 PASV & PORT & FEAT
12 MDTM & FEAT
13 PASV & MDTM & FEAT
14 PORT & MDTM & FEAT
15 PASV & PORT & MDTM & FEAT
16 HTTP
17 PASV & HTTP
18 PORT & HTTP
19 PASV & PORT & HTTP
20 MDTM & HTTP
21 PASV & MDTM & HTTP
22 PORT & MDTM & HTTP
23 PASV & PORT & MDTM & HTTP
24 FEAT & HTTP
25 PASV & FEAT & HTTP
26 PORT & FEAT & HTTP
27 PASV & PORT & FEAT & HTTP
28 MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
29 PASV & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
30 PORT & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
31 PASV & PORT & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
URLTIMEOUT Specify the timeout in seconds, when the URL drive
communicates with the host. If the communication from
the host is lost for the time specified, the
communication is regarded as invalid and its connection
will be shutdown forcedly. If this value is 0 second,
the timeout operation is invalid to continue waiting
response forever. The default value is 0 second. (UNIX)
USEGETCURSOR Use the VT100 compatible escape sequence getting the
cursor position in order to get the terminal size. When
the screen size of fd doesn't correspond with the
terminal size, this variable can be sometimes valid. On
some terminals which don't support the escape sequence
getting the cursor position, the operation may be
stopped. In this case, it is continued by inputting 'R'
from the keyboard. Any value except 0 and null effects
valid. (UNIX)
USESYSLOG Send the log to syslogd(8) the system logger with the
level spacified by LOGLEVEL or ROOTLOGLEVEL. The log
priority is LOG_ERR only some errors are caused,
otherwise the log priority is always LOG_INFO. LOG_USER
is used as the facirity if it can be specified. Any
value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
WIDEDIGIT Widen the displayed digits for the number of pages and
files. The standard displayed digits for the number of
pages and files are 2 and 4 respectively. This expands
them into 4 and 5 respectively. Any value except 0 and
null effects valid.
WRITEFS Forbid use of WRITE_DIR command. If the value is 1, the
directory is written only when the command is executed
intentionally, and you are not confirmed after arranging
the file order. If the value is 2, even writing by the
command is invalid, the directory writing is quite
forbidden.
SJISPATH
EUCPATH
JISPATH
JIS8PATH
JUNETPATH
OJISPATH
OJIS8PATH
OJUNETPATH
HEXPATH
CAPPATH
UTF8PATH
UTF8MACPATH
UTF8ICONVPATH
NOCONVPATH Specify the Kanji code for filename per directory, which
is prior to FNAMEKCODE. You can specify multiple
pathnames separating with ':'. You are enough to specify
only the top directory where you want to use the Kanji
code, then you can use the Kanji code in all of the
directories under that directory. In the directory which
is described in NOCONVPATH, no Kanji code is converted
ignoring the value of FNAMEKCODE. No pathname is
specified by default. (UNIX)
MULTI LANGUAGE SUPPORT
Fd processes the Kanji character-set to input/output as "EUC-JP" or "Shift JIS" according to setting in compile. The the pathname including Kanji is displayed in consideration for the 2nd byte character in Kanji. You can dynamically select Kanji code to input/output with LANGUAGE, INPUTKCODE and FNAMEKCODE the internal variable. You can input Japanese string with the Kana-Kanji IME mode. You can use Kanji in the command macro and the command string, but cannot use Kanji as the value of the internal variables. You cannot use the multibyte symbol character as the meta character, such as '%' and '"' and so on, Kanji character is not counted as 1 character in the wildcard search. And when you give the non-standard Kanji code for the OS to the shell with the parameter macro such as %JJ, some Kanji is converted into the code including the meta character such as '$' and '\' and so on, to cause unexpected behavior. In that case, you can probably avoid it by quoting the string to be converted with %'.
AUTHOR
Takashi SHIRAI <shirai@unixusers.net> The original "FD" for MS-DOS was created and released by A.Idei <SDI00544@niftyserve.or.jp> for the first time, in 1989. Fd was created for UNIX from scratch following that implementation, in 1995.
FILES
/etc/fd2rc
The systemwide initial configuration file for fd
~/.fd2rc The individual initial configuration file for fd
~/.fdshrc The individual initial configuration file for fdsh
~/.fd_history
The command history file by default
~/.fd_freq
The translation frequency file by default for the users Kana-
Kanji translation learning
/bin/sh The user shell when SHELL the environment variable is
undefined
/bin/rm The command to remove temporary files when abort
/tmp/fd The temporary directory to unpack the archive file
fd-unicd.tbl
The UNICODE translation table, which is installed in the same
directory as the executable binary of fd
fd-dict.tbl
The Kana-Kanji translation dictionary file, which is
installed in the same directory as the executable binary of
fd
fd2rc The systemwide initial configuration file for fd on MS-DOS
version, which must be prepared in the same directory as the
executable binary of fd
$HOME\fd2.rc
The individual initial configuration file for fd on MS-DOS
version
$HOME\fdsh.rc
The individual initial configuration file for fdsh on MS-DOS
version
$HOME\fd.hst
The command history file on MS-DOS version by default
LIMITATIONS
Some terminals cannot send the input of certain function keys and special keys. The sequence compatible with VT200 is assigned as the default sequence which is not registered in termcap(5), and when the terminal cannot support this, the key receipt or the screen control due to be brought by this is not available.
SEE ALSO
sh(1), echo(1), test(1), ls(1), rm(1), tar(1), compress(1), zcat(1), gzip(1), gunzip(1), lha(1), login(1), newgrp(1), stty(1), umask(2), termcap(5), terminfo(5), syslogd(8)
BUGS
When files in an archive file are packed with a pathname including "..", the archive browser cannot work normally. The symbolic links in an archive file cannot be unpacked individually. The user interface is cheap.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 1995-2014 by Takashi SHIRAI
May 6, 2014 FD(1)
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